Patrick Moore (born 1947) is a Canadian ecologist, known as one of the early members of
Greenpeace, in which he was an environmental activist from 1971 to 1986. Today he is the co-founder, chair, and chief scientist of Greenspirit Strategies in Vancouver, a consulting firm that provides paid public relations efforts, lectures, lobbying, opinions and committee participation to government and industry on a wide range of environmental and sustainability issues. He is a frequent public speaker at meetings of industry associations, universities, and policy groups.
He has sharply and publicly differed with many policies of major environmental groups, such as
Greenpeace itself, on other issues including forestry, biotechnology, aquaculture, and the use of chemicals for flame retardants.
[3] He is an outspoken proponent of nuclear energy
[4] and skeptical of sole human responsibility for climate change.
[5]
Greenpeace
According to
Greenpeace: How a Group of Ecologists, Journalists, and Visionaries Changed the World by Rex Wyler, the
Don't Make a Wave Committee was formed in January 1970 by
Dorothy and
Irving Stowe,
Ben Metcalfe, Marie and
Jim Bohlen, Paul Cote, and
Bob Hunter and incorporated in October 1970.
[7] The Committee had formed to plan opposition to the testing of a one megaton hydrogen bomb in 1969 by the
United States Atomic Energy Commission on
Amchitka Island in the
Aleutians. Moore joined the committee in 1971 and, as Greenpeace co-founder Bob Hunter wrote, “Moore was quickly accepted into the inner circle on the basis of his scientific background, his reputation [as an environmental activist], and his ability to inject practical, no-nonsense insights into the discussions.”
[8]
Moore traveled to Alaska on advanced research with Jim Bohlen, attending Wave Committee meetings. In 1971, Moore was a member of the crew of the
Phyllis Cormack, a chartered fishing boat which the Committee sent across the North Pacific in order to draw attention to the US testing of a 5 megaton bomb planned for September of that year.
Greenpeace was the name given to the boat for the voyage and it would be the first of the many Greenpeace protests.
[9] Following the first voyage, key crew members decided to formally change the name of the Don't Make a Wave Committee to the Greenpeace Foundation. These decision makers included founders Bob Hunter, Rod Marining and
Ben Metcalfe as well as Patrick Moore.
[10][11]
Following US President
Richard Nixon's cancellation of the remaining hydrogen bomb tests planned for Amchitka Island in early 1972, Greenpeace turned its attention to French atmospheric nuclear testing at
Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific. In May 1972, Moore traveled to New York with
Jim Bohlen and Marie Bohlen to lobby the key United Nations delegations from the
Pacific Rim countries involved. Moore then went to Europe together with Ben Metcalfe, Dorothy Metcalfe, Lyle Thurston and Rod Marining where they received an audience with Pope Paul VI and protested at
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. In June, they attended the first
UN Conference on the Environment in
Stockholm where they convinced New Zealand to propose a vote condemning French nuclear testing, which passed with a strong majority.
[12]
Moore again crewed the
Phyllis Cormack in 1975 during the first campaign to save whales, as Greenpeace met the Soviet whaling fleet off the coast of California. During the confrontation, film footage was caught of the Soviet whaling boat firing a harpoon over the heads of Greenpeace members in a
Zodiac inflatable and into the back of a female
sperm whale.
[13] The film footage made the evening news the next day on all three US national networks, initiating Greenpeace's debut on the world media stage, and prompting a swift rise in public support of the charity.
[14] Patrick Moore and Bob Hunter appeared on Dr.
Bill Wattenburg's talk radio show on KGO and appealed for a lawyer to help them incorporate a branch office in San Francisco and to manage donations. David Tussman, a young lawyer, volunteered to help Moore, Hunter, and
Paul Spong set up an office at
Fort Mason. The Greenpeace Foundation of America (since changed to Greenpeace USA), then became the major fundraising center for the expansion of Greenpeace worldwide.
[15][16]
Presidency of Greenpeace Foundation in Canada[edit]
In early 1977, Bob Hunter stepped down as president of the Greenpeace Foundation and Patrick Moore was elected president. He inherited an organization that was deeply in debt.
[17] Greenpeace organizations began to form throughout North America, including cities such as Toronto, Montreal, Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles, Boston, and San Francisco. Not all of these offices accepted the authority of the founding organization in Canada. Moore's presidency and governance style proved controversial. Moore and his chosen board in Vancouver called for two meetings to formalize his governance proposals. During this time David Tussman, together with the rest of the founders, early activists of Greenpeace, and the majority of Greenpeace staff-members announced that the board of the San Francisco group intended to separate Patrick Moore's Greenpeace Foundation from the rest of the Greenpeace movement. After efforts to settle the matter failed, the Greenpeace Foundation filed a civil lawsuit in San Francisco charging that the San Francisco group was in violation of trademark and copyright by using the Greenpeace name without permission of the Greenpeace Foundation.
The lawsuit was settled at a meeting on 10 October 1979, in the offices of lawyer David Gibbons in Vancouver. Attending were Moore, Hunter,
David McTaggart,
Rex Weyler, and about six others. At this meeting it was agreed that Greenpeace International would be created. This meant that Greenpeace would remain a single organization rather than an amorphous collection of individual offices. McTaggart who had come to represent all the other Greenpeace groups against the Greenpeace Foundation, was named Chairman. Moore became President of Greenpeace Canada (the new name for Greenpeace Foundation) and a director of Greenpeace International. Other directors were appointed from the US, France, the UK, and the Netherlands. He served for nine years as President of Greenpeace Canada, as well as six years as a Director of
Greenpeace International.
In 1985, Moore was on board the
Rainbow Warrior when it was bombed and sunk by the French government. He and other directors of Greenpeace International were greeting the ship off the coast of New Zealand on its way to protest French nuclear testing at
Mururoa Atoll. Expedition photographer,
Fernando Pereira, was killed. Greenpeace's media presence peaked again.
[18]