"In most of Cuba the peasants had been progressively proletarianized due to the needs of large-scale, semi-mechanized capitalist agriculture. They had reached a new level of organization and therefore a greater
class consciousness. In mentioning this we should also point out, in the interest of truth, that the first area in which the Rebel Army operated was an area inhabited by peasants whose social and cultural roots were different from those of the peasants found in the areas of large-scale, semi-mechanized Cuban agriculture. In fact the
Sierra Maestra, the site of the first revolutionary settlement, is a place where peasants who had struggled against large landholders took refuge. They went there seeking new land — somehow overlooked by the state or the voracious landholders — on which to earn a modest income. They struggled constantly against the demands of the soldiers, always allied to the landholders, and their ambitions extended no further than a property deed. The peasants who belonged to our first guerrilla armies came from that section of this social class which most strongly shows love for the land and the possession of it; that is to say, which most perfectly demonstrates the
petty-bourgeois spirit. The peasants fought because they wanted land for themselves and their children, to manage and sell it and to enrich themselves through their labor. Despite their petty-bourgeois spirit, the peasants soon learned that they could not satisfy their desire to possess land without breaking up the large landholding system. Radical
agrarian reform, the only type that could give land to the peasants, clashed directly with the interests of the
imperialists, the large landholders and the sugar and cattle
magnates. The
bourgeoisie was afraid to clash with those interests but the
proletariat was not. In this way the course of the revolution itself brought the workers and peasants together. The
workers supported the demands of the peasants against the large landholders. The poor
peasants, rewarded with ownership of land, loyally supported the revolutionary power and defended it against its imperialist and
counter-revolutionary enemies."
— 
Che Guevara, April 9, 1961