Thanks for the site. but I am still fuzzy on whether Judaism is a religion or a philosophy.
13 Principles of Faith
The closest that anyone has ever come to creating a widely-accepted list of Jewish beliefs is
Rambam's thirteen principles of faith. These principles, which Rambam thought were the minimum requirements of Jewish belief, are:
- G-d exists
- G-d is one and unique
- G-d is incorporeal
- G-d is eternal
- Prayer is to be directed to G-d alone and to no other
- The words of the prophets are true
- Moses' prophecies are true, and Moses was the greatest of the prophets
- The Written Torah (first 5 books of the Bible) and Oral Torah (teachings now contained in the Talmud and other writings) were given to Moses
- There will be no other Torah
- G-d knows the thoughts and deeds of men
- G-d will reward the good and punish the wicked
- The Messiah will come
- The dead will be resurrected
The first 10 don't really specify what is actually believed, and there seems to be wide disagreement about the last three. For example:
11. When, where and how does G-d administer reward and punishment?
12. Will the Messiah be a person, prophet and/or G-d Himself? What, exactly, will he do?
13. Will the dead be physically resurrected on Earth or transported to heaven? What will happen to nonbelievers? Where do they go?
I would appreciate any answers you can provide.
11. Now here, and in the world to come, by measurements of kindness and justice
12. Yes a ruler, yes, help people realize G-d is the only King
13. Yes, there won't be non-believers, knowledge of G-d will cover earth.
The only one (I know) who covered this subject in whole is Rambam (Maimonides),
though much of Jewish thought revolves around arguments between sages, there's no argument against Rambam's position - that we will know how and in what exact order, only when it happens.
Unlike religions, Judaism is focused much on this world,
rather than some idea of transcendental cloudy stuff after death.