"For too long, persons with Down Syndrome, including children, have been left on the margins of society," said the Secretary-General, in a message delivered on his behalf by Deputy Secretary-General Asha-Rose Migiro at an event at UN Headquarters to mark World Down Syndrome Day the first time it is being observed by the United Nations. "In many countries, they continue to face stigma and discrimination as well as legal, attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinder their participation in their communities."
Down Syndrome is a type of mental retardation caused by extra genetic material in chromosome 21. Some of its physical characteristics in infants are decreased muscle tone, a flat face, eyes slanting up, the ability to extend joints beyond the usual and a large tongue relative to the mouth. Its patients can also be afflicted with other conditions, including heart disease, Alzheimer's disease and leukaemia.
In the remarks, Mr. Ban noted that discrimination can be as invidious as forced sterilization, and as subtle as segregation and isolation through both physical and social barriers; and, that persons with Down Syndrome are often denied the right to equal recognition before the law, as well as the right to vote or be elected. "Intellectual impairments have also been seen as legitimate grounds for depriving persons with Down Syndrome of their liberty, and for holding them in specialized institutions, sometimes for their entire lives," Mr. Ban said.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the estimated incidence of Down Syndrome is between 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 1,100 live births worldwide; and, each year approximately 3,000 to 5,000 children are born with this chromosome disorder. The Secretary-General said that the prejudice that children with Down Syndrome obstruct the education of others has led some parents of children with intellectual disabilities to put their children in special schools or keep them at home. "Yet research shows and more people are coming to understand that diversity in the classroom leads to learning and understanding that benefit all children," Mr. Ban said.
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