To get back on the original topic - here's the problem as I see it. Some people, like your's truly, are fortunate to have military careers which produce skills that are marketable in the civilian world.
But there are many others no so lucky. Take the kid who enters the service right after high school. Assume he trains as an infantryman, or a paratrooper, a Green Beret, an artilleryman or a tank driver. Not much call for these folks in the civilian market where blowing things up and killing people is not considered a marketable skill - unless you're applying with the mafia.
So perhaps the armed services might consider some training program which gives people like these the chance to train in the career field of their choice while still on the military payroll. It wouldn't have to be all that long - say one year maximum. And the military would not have to be responsible for conducting the program - that could be handed off to universities and trade schools. Not only would such a program benefit vets who find themselves suddenly separated from the service, but from a recruiting viewpoint, it would also make otherwise less desirable military specialties easier to fill.
Vets from WW II, Korea, and Viet Nam had the GI bill to help them through school. The following is what is available now:
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http://www.gibill.va.gov/education/GI_Bill.htm
Description of Current Programs
38 U.S.C. Chapter 32, Post-Vietnam Era Veterans' Educational Assistance Program (VEAP)
VEAP was the first GI Bill program which required a contribution by the service member. It was available to people who entered on active duty between December 31, 1976, and July 1, 1985. These service members could volunteer to contribute between $25 and $100 a month which would be matched on a 2-for-1 basis by the government. Total contribution by the service person could be no more than $2700, but DOD could make additional contributions, or "kickers", into the fund on behalf of individuals in critical military fields to encourage enlistment or reenlistment in the Armed Forces. In 1996, Public Law 104-275 provided that certain VEAP participants who were on active duty on October 9, 1996, could elect MGIB. The deadline for this election was October 8, 1997. 41,041 veterans and servicepersons took advantage of this opportunity to elect MGIB. Here is a summary of the main features of VEAP:
First entered on active duty after December 31, 1976 and before July 1, 1985
Contributed to VEAP while on active duty and before April 1, 1987
Maximum contribution of $2700
Government matches $2 for $1
Maximum entitlement is 36 months
Must be used within ten years of discharge from the service
Refunds of unused contributions available
Additional "kickers" from DOD
Current full-time VEAP rate is $300 per month plus any DOD "kicker"
38 U.S.C. Chapter 30, Montgomery G. I. Bill - Active Duty Educational Assistance Program (MGIB)
MGIB is the education program for individuals initially entering active duty after June 30, 1985. Payments for MGIB benefits currently represent 78 percent of the total VA educational assistance payments. MGIB was enacted not only to help with the readjustment of discharged service members, but also to support the concept of an all volunteer armed force. With this in mind, a provision was made to allow certain veterans with remaining entitlement under the Vietnam Era GI Bill, to qualify for MGIB benefits if they continued their active duty.
MGIB is available to honorably discharged veterans and to service-members. Although there are a number of categories of eligibles, generally, veterans must:
meet their basic service requirement,
have completed their high school education or its equivalent, and
receive an honorable discharge.
MGIB is a contributory program. Service pay is automatically reduced by $100 per month for 12 months unless the service person declines to participate at the time of enlistment. Individuals on active duty must complete a minimum of two years of continuous active duty to be eligible. Qualified service members with remaining Vietnam Era entitlement are exempt from the pay reduction requirement.
The MGIB benefit rate varies depending on active service and Selected Reserve obligation.
MGIB has proven to be extremely popular among young people enlisting in the services. 94.8 percent of those who enlisted in service in Fiscal Year 1996 enrolled in the program. 75.7 percent of all enlistees since the inception of the program have enrolled.
The following briefly summarizes major MGIB provisions:
Served on active duty after June 30, 1985.
Must fulfill one's basic service obligation.
Must have completed high school.
Received an honorable discharge.
Maximum entitlement is 36 months.
Additional "kicker" as determined by DOD.
Generally must use benefits within 10 years following discharge.
10 U.S.C. Chapter 1606, Montgomery G. I. Bill - Selected Reserve Educational Assistance Program (MGIB-SR)
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The problem with this bill is that is requires contribution by the service member. That means the lower ranking enlisted people are unable to afford any substantial contribution, if any. But quite often they're the folks who get the worst duty and the most undesirable jobs.
I think the Montgomery bill needs to be changed so that everyone coming out gets the same bennies and the individual contribution is not a requirement.