Material and Training Deficiencies
The Philippine Army received clothing that was of poor quality. Their rubber shoes would wear out within 2 weeks. There were shortages of nearly every kind of equipment such as blankets,
mosquito bars, shelter halves,
entrenching tools,
gas masks, and
helmets.
During August, MacArthur had requested 84,500
Garand rifles, 330
.30-caliber machine guns, 326
.50-caliber machine-guns, 450
37mm guns, 217
81 mm mortars, 288
75 mm guns, and over 8,000 vehicles. On September 18, he was informed that, because of
lend-lease commitments, he would not receive most of these items. As a result, the Philippine Army was forced to continue using
Enfield and
Springfield rifles.
The shipment of supplies depended upon the US Navy's limited cargo capacity. In September, the Navy announced its intentions to convert three transports into
escort carriers, but this was not done after MacArthur observed that the loss of three transports would delay his reinforcements by more than two months.
The army then approved requests for
105 mm howitzers,
75 mm pack howitzers, 75 mm guns, .30-caliber machine guns, 37 mm guns, ten 250 ft station hospitals, one hundred and eighty sets of regimental infirmary equipment, jeeps, ambulances, trucks and sedans. By November, there were 1,100,000 tons of equipment, intended for the Philippines, piled up in US ports. Most of this never reached its destination. Meanwhile, the Navy did manage to transport 1,000,000
gallons of gasoline to the island. Much of this fuel would be stored on the
Bataan Peninsula.
In 1941, many Filipino units went into battle without ever having fired their weapons. Many of the troops had also never even seen an artillery piece fired. The
31st Infantry Division (PA) signal officer was unable to establish radio communication with other units in the same camp. The commander of the Philippine 31st Infantry Division, Colonel Bluemel stated, "The enlisted men are proficient in only two things, one, when an officer appears, to yell 'attention' in a loud voice, jump up, and
salute; two, to demand 3 meals per day."
Training and coordination were further complicated by language barriers. Enlisted Filipinos often spoke one language (such as
Bikol or a
Visayan language), their officers would speak another (such as
Tagalog) and the Americans would speak English. There were some
first sergeants and company clerks who could neither read nor write.