One need not be a "dick" to cops. That's certainly not a good idea. But, in my opinion, one should not kowtow to them either, especially if the cop is a dick. You should never answer questions, let alone admit guilt to anything, no matter how harmless you might think a cop's questions are. Assert your rights.
I agree. But I've seen many people take the idea of "not kowtowing" to mean being aggressively assertive or passive aggressive. "None of your business," and "you don't need to know," "I don't have to answer you," or "I'm not doing anything wrong," are all antagonistic, even if technically true. Politely asking "I'm sorry, is there a problem? Why are you asking me that" is fine...but a hostile or defensive tone is a bad idea.
While there are exceptions, the majority of the time the cop has a legitimate reason for asking questions, or at least believes he does, and making his job harder is not really a good idea and is a waste of everyone's time. Never admit to guilt, and don't consent to search, (except for a Terry frisk, which doesn't need consent), sure. But answer simple questions that can't incriminate you to satisfy his curiosity or whatever reason he stopped you. Makes things easier for everyone.
Well, sure, a sensible person will measure the situation and keep the encounter as diplomatically reasonable as possible.
Questions like "I'm sorry, is there a problem?" or "Why are you asking me that?" are essentially the same thing as asking the cop to state a lawful motive for detaining you. Ask away. Just don't answer any of
his questions, for, ultimately, it doesn't matter why he's detaining you. It’s imperative that you assert your rights at all times, that you protect yourself at all times against the possibility of providing incriminating answers or giving the officer a lawful reason to detain you any longer than necessary.
Also, a cop still needs a lawful motive to search you in a
Terry stop, and he is required by law to state a lawful grounds of reasonable suspicion.
I've had a couple of police encounters in which the officer leaned into me, so to speak, attempted to intimidate me, treated me as if I was out of line when I politely asserted my rights, i.e., politely evaded his questions with counter questions directly aimed at his motive.
At that point, I reminded the respective officer that the only person under any obligation to answer questions was he. Further, "I don’t consent to any searches/seizures of my person or my property, and I have the right to remain silent. Am I being detained or am I free to go?"
Trust me. Cops don't always stop folks due to reasonable suspicion, but once they do detain you they are looking for reasonable suspicion.
"Where are you coming from?"
"Oh, from Safeway."
"Ah! There was a robbery there about 15 minutes ago. . . ."
If that's true, you just gave him grounds to escalate the encounter. Also, cops can use deception to excite you, frighten you, intimidate you, to compromise your position and/or incriminate you. Never answer any questions. Never divulge any more information than you are required to divulge under the law, depending on the circumstances, for example, should you be on foot or in a vehicle. Never!
In police encounters no question is an innocent question.
Those cops didn't like the fact that I asserted my rights, but they also knew that they had to let me go without further delay. I didn't give them any grounds on which they could lawfully escalate the encounter.
I'm not telling you anything that a good lawyer wouldn't tell you. In fact, I'm not telling you anything that a cop wouldn't tell you were he to be frank with you. But his job is not to be frank with you or to be your lawyer.
It's important that we defend our rights, especially given the abuses of
Terry stops in cities like New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, D.C. and so on. . . . Too many police departments and too many cops are getting too used to the idea that these kinds of abuses are okay, and this is the default, paternalistic law enforcement of cities that curtail the right of the people to keep and bear arms against crime.