- May 17, 2013
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Cutting the Cost of Health Care: The Physician's Role
The ever-increasing cost of health care is reason for every American to be concerned. In 2008, for example, healthcare expenditures in the United States reached $2.4 trillion,2 accounting for 16% of gross domestic product.3 By 2013, these expenditures had risen to almost $3 trillion annually, 17.4% of gross domestic product.4 Worse still is the amount of wasteful spending in health care. A study by PricewaterhouseCoopers' Health Research Institute, published in 2010, calculated wasteful spending at up to $1.2 trillion, more than half of all spending on health.5 In 2012, Berwick and Hackbarth presented data that placed the lowest estimate of wasteful spending at 20% of all healthcare expenditures; however, they emphasized that the actual total might be far greater.6
What drives physicians to overuse these exorbitant tests and procedures? From my vantage point as a medical educator, the most prevalent reason is “fishing”—scanning the body part that is thought to be the source of the patient's symptoms or problem, hoping that a diagnosis will somehow be reeled in.14 This routine takes little of the physician's time, requires no special expertise, demands no discriminative thought, and serves as an easy and convenient way to obtain a lot of information quickly. In addition, it becomes a necessity for many of our current trainees and recent graduates who are laboratory oriented, deficient in clinical skills, and poorly informed on the natural history of diseases.15
Other typical reasons for overreliance on advanced technology include the fear of litigation (which results in the practice of “defensive medicine”16,17), the discomfort associated with diagnostic uncertainty or with possibly inadequate follow-up evaluations, a perceived need to satisfy patients' demands, and insufficient knowledge of the tradeoff between the benefits, harms, and costs of most tests and procedures.18
The ever-increasing cost of health care is reason for every American to be concerned. In 2008, for example, healthcare expenditures in the United States reached $2.4 trillion,2 accounting for 16% of gross domestic product.3 By 2013, these expenditures had risen to almost $3 trillion annually, 17.4% of gross domestic product.4 Worse still is the amount of wasteful spending in health care. A study by PricewaterhouseCoopers' Health Research Institute, published in 2010, calculated wasteful spending at up to $1.2 trillion, more than half of all spending on health.5 In 2012, Berwick and Hackbarth presented data that placed the lowest estimate of wasteful spending at 20% of all healthcare expenditures; however, they emphasized that the actual total might be far greater.6
What drives physicians to overuse these exorbitant tests and procedures? From my vantage point as a medical educator, the most prevalent reason is “fishing”—scanning the body part that is thought to be the source of the patient's symptoms or problem, hoping that a diagnosis will somehow be reeled in.14 This routine takes little of the physician's time, requires no special expertise, demands no discriminative thought, and serves as an easy and convenient way to obtain a lot of information quickly. In addition, it becomes a necessity for many of our current trainees and recent graduates who are laboratory oriented, deficient in clinical skills, and poorly informed on the natural history of diseases.15
Other typical reasons for overreliance on advanced technology include the fear of litigation (which results in the practice of “defensive medicine”16,17), the discomfort associated with diagnostic uncertainty or with possibly inadequate follow-up evaluations, a perceived need to satisfy patients' demands, and insufficient knowledge of the tradeoff between the benefits, harms, and costs of most tests and procedures.18