Are DUI Checkpoints Ever Illegal in Illinois - The Chicago DUI Law Blog
DUI checkpoints are generally not welcome by drivers, even if they are behind the wheel completely legally (read: sober). While many states
do not actually conduct DUI checkpoints, Illinois is not one of them. This means you likely will encounter one, if you haven't already.
So, can DUI checkpoints ever be illegal? Here is some background information and the answer to that question.
4th Amendment Search and Seizure
The
Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This means that no police officer is allowed to "seize" a person and search them (essentially what a DUI checkpoint is) without at least
reasonable suspicion.
Reasonable suspicion requires that officers at least have a justifiable suspicion, based on the circumstances, that there is illegal activity afoot or imminent. It doesn't require 100% certainty, but at the very least an objective amount so that any other person might agree.
DUI Checkpoints Constitutional
So, how does this make DUI checkpoints legal, if there's really no way for police to have a justifiable suspicion that every car they stop contains a drunken driver?
Courts have held that DUI checkpoints are an exception to the reasonable suspicion standard. In fact, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
DUI checkpoints are constitutional in the 1990 case of Michigan v. Sitz. Under a balancing test, DUI checkpoints always seem to come out on top as legal because their importance outweighs the minor inconvenience to drivers.