How is India doing with burning coal?
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India continues to rely heavily on coal for its energy needs, even as it invests in renewable energy sources. In 2024, coal-fired power generation reached a record high, with coal accounting for approximately 73.4% of the country's total electricity generation. This increase is partly due to a reduction in thermal coal imports by over 5.5 million tons, leading to greater use of domestically mined coal, which has a higher ash content and results in increased emissions.
Reuters
Despite significant investments in renewable energy, including nearly 56,000 megawatts (MW) of new clean energy capacity under development, India is also adding 30,000 MW of new coal-fired capacity. This expansion is driven by rapid energy demand growth, averaging 7% annually. Consequently, coal is expected to remain the dominant power source, accounting for over half of India's total power capacity.
Reuters
The continued reliance on coal has environmental and health implications. Air pollution from coal-fired power plants is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and emissions from these plants have been associated with significant crop yield reductions, particularly in staples like wheat and rice.
Stanford Sustainability
In summary, while India is making strides in expanding its renewable energy infrastructure, coal remains a cornerstone of its energy strategy due to growing demand and economic considerations. Balancing energy needs with environmental and health concerns continues to be a complex challenge for the country.
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