if the issue is to terrorize people, then all acts involved terrorism to some degree.
the same way "hate crimes" are disputable where all murder involves hatred of somebody or something.
Maybe more specific terms should be used for the different cases.
if you are specifically trying to pinpoint "political terrorism"
as in having a "political" motivation or agenda behind it,
then the Newtown shooting would be more from mental instability and domestic dispute,
while the Boston bombing was allegedly politically motivated
(where the younger brother may be fully capable of reasoning while his older brother may have been criminally ill in addition to having political
motives of war, if he did commit other crimes or abuses in addition to this act of terrorism).
As for Virginia Tech, that was mental issues (and perhaps a domestic or relationship
dispute, I can't remember if that was ever established that a romantic issue instigated it).
The Arizona shootings were both political and mental instability.
The Norway shootings were politically motivated, and the guy had
some sociopathic disorders that allowed him to carry this out.
The Aurora shootings seem to be some guy playing deadly games to test
his neurological theories on people's reactions and how the justice system
responds. so that could be political if he is truly sane and knows he's testing the system.
That is my guess. I believe it could be that guy knows what he is doing, was using terrorism as the test cue, but not for the action in itself.
I am guessing he thinks he is smarter than the system of testing and training people in "neurological sciences,"
and thinks he can send a big FU message to the system by doing this and letting the cards fall where they fall.
So he is making a political statement, but his use of terrorism to do it was not the end in itself, but to study the media and public reactions.
If he knows he is testing people's humanity, that is a different kind of 'sick' if he is fully aware and I believe he well could be.
They all used terrorism but some were more politically motivated than others, and some more mentally out of control than others who had more understanding and control. If I had to guess, i would say the younger brother in the Boston attack and the Aurora shooter have the most control,
and conscious choice of what they were doing and getting involved in. I would actually have mercy on them if they were to use this intelligence they have and agree to confess up to all they were thinking and doing, and agree to all the terms of restitution asked of them, so other people can heal as much as possible, even if they both get the death penalty afterwards. I would support them in asking for restitution if that would help surviving victims with closure, independent of and in addition to whatever the justice system brings. and i believe these two men are intellectually capable of meeting those conditions asked of them if offered the choice for sake of conscience and victims regaining a sense of justice and peace.
For the Arizona shooter and Ft. Hood shooter, both of them would require mental health treatment to stabilize their minds and make sure they have full control of their consciences, and it is possible they could also agree to work with authorities to address and rsolve the whoel process they went through in order to prevent others from going down that road. As David Berkowitz wants to use his life to help reduce crime and suffering.
Note: the common factor I find is that the more people get help to forgive and work through their issues, either personal or political, conscious or unconscious, they are less likely to lose control and commit some abuse or violation whether violent or not. So as public health and safety programs offer better intervention for addressing abusive or problematic behavior at the first sign of trouble, more crime or abuse can be prevented at all levels. I would focus on counseling and mediation for relationship abuse and legal abuse to target problem areas. People with issues are going to have conflicts with other people, so wherever these are discovered and resolved, this increases the chances of catching dangerous people who cannot resolve such issues, and reduces risk of escalation.
Why is Boston 'terrorism' but not Aurora, Sandy Hook, Tucson and Columbine?
Can an act of violence be called 'terrorism' if the motive is unknown?
Two very disparate commentators, Ali Abunimah and Alan Dershowitz, both raised serious questions over the weekend about a claim that has been made over and over about the bombing of the Boston Marathon: namely, that this was an act of terrorism. Dershowitz was
on BBC Radio on Saturday and, citing the lack of knowledge about motive, said (at the 3:15 mark): "It's not even clear under the federal terrorist statutes that it qualifies as an act of terrorism." Abunimah wrote
a superb analysis of whether the bombing fits the US government's definition of "terrorism", noting that "absolutely no evidence has emerged that the Boston bombing suspects acted 'in furtherance of political or social objectives'" or that their alleged act was 'intended to influence or instigate a course of action that furthers a political or social goal.'" Even a former CIA Deputy Director, Phillip Mudd,
said on Fox News on Sunday that at this point the bombing seems more like a common crime than an act of terrorism.
Over the last two years, the US has witnessed at least three other episodes of mass, indiscriminate violence that killed more people than the Boston bombings did: the Tucson shooting by Jared Loughner in which 19 people (including Rep. Gabrielle Giffords) were shot, six of whom died; the Aurora movie theater shooting by James Holmes in which 70 people were shot, 12 of whom died; and the Sandy Hook elementary school shooting by Adam Lanza in which 26 people (20 of whom were children) were shot and killed. The word "terrorism" was almost never used to describe that indiscriminate slaughter of innocent people, and none of the perpetrators of those attacks was charged with terrorism-related crimes. A decade earlier, two high school seniors in Colorado, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, used guns and bombs to murder 12 students and a teacher, and almost nobody called that "terrorism" either.
In the Boston case, however, exactly the opposite dynamic prevails. Particularly since the identity of the suspects was revealed, the word "terrorism" is being used by virtually everyone to describe what happened. After initially (and commendably) refraining from using the word, President Obama has since said that "we will investigate any associations that
these terrorists may have had" and then said that "on Monday an act of terror wounded dozens and killed three people at the Boston Marathon". But as Abunimah notes, there is zero evidence that either of the two suspects had any connection to or involvement with any designated terrorist organization.
*snip*
But beyond that issue, even those assuming the guilt of the Tsarnaev brothers seem to have no basis at all for claiming that this was an act of "terrorism" in a way that would meaningfully distinguish it from Aurora, Sandy Hook, Tucson and Columbine. All we really know about them in this regard is that they identified as Muslim, and that the older brother allegedly watched extremist YouTube videos and was suspected by the Russian government of religious extremism (by contrast, virtually every person who knew the younger brother has emphatically said that he never evinced political or religious extremism).
*snip*