Timeline for San Bernardino mass shooting
San Bernardino claimed 14 lives and got America talking about guns. Again.[/paste:font]
The debate -- again -- puts two sides in opposition. One argues there are too many weapons, and it's too easy for the wrong people to get their hands on them. But the other side says gun ownership is a right and part of the country's fabric, and more restrictions won't stop killers from killing.
The creation of a system for federal background checks is one of the only major gun safety policies to get past that partisan blockade in recent decades.
The FBI, which runs the background checks, says they help keep people safe while assuring legal access to guns. Still, debate over their effectiveness continues. Here's how they work.
1. The FBI is doing more gun background checks than ever
The FBI
processed 19,827,376 background checks this year through November. That means 2015 will likely set the record for most ever. The current record was set in 2013, when the twin massacres in Aurora, Colorado, and Newtown, Connecticut -- five months apart in the second half of 2012 -- sparked a gun control push in Washington and a surge in gun sales.
These AR-15-style rifles and semiautomatic handguns were used in the San Bernardino mass shooting.
2. Checks are conducted nearly around the clock
The FBI's National Instant Criminal Background Check System, also known as NICS, operates seven days a week, 17 hours a day, out of a facility in Clarksburg, West Virginia. It is open on holidays, except Christmas.
All federally licensed gun dealers must run checks on all buyers -- whether the purchase is made in a store or at a gun show.
The federal checks work like this: A buyer presents his or her ID to the seller and
fills out ATF Form 4473 with personal information such as age, address, race and criminal history, if any.
The seller then submits the information to the FBI, via a toll-free phone line or over the Internet. The FBI checks the applicant's info against databases. The process can take
a few minutes.
Of course, many guns are bought and sold illegally, without any background check. And the NICS system is only used by gun sellers with a federal license. Some states have passed additional gun control laws on top of the federal law, but others have relatively lax rules.