Zone1 Why Are Blacks Told to be Self Sufficient when Others have not been?
- Thread starter IM2
- Start date
- Mar 11, 2015
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The laws of this country were made to cater to whites, specifically to white men. There had to be a law made to allow others besides whites to even be citizens here and even then non whites werenot given full constitution rights. White men have never had to fiight to get the CONSTITUTION amended in orderto be given equal protection under the law. When men still get the most preference. So it's time white men stop the motherfucking crying just because you are not given everythiing. You guys give the line - when you have had prvilege equality is oppression, validation.
MarathonMike
Diamond Member
I believe IM2 has his stapler.
AZrailwhale
Diamond Member
MarathonMike
Diamond Member
All the whining about victimhood and begging for reparations demeans American Black people.
Jews and Orientals were discriminated against when they came to the United States. Now they usually make more money than white Gentiles.
How much longer are Negroes going to blame us for problems they cause for themselves?
ninja007
Gold Member
AZrailwhale
Diamond Member
Like Iâve always said, IM2 loves anything or anyone that works for him and hates anyone or anything that doesnât agree with his prejudices,
el midgetron
Diamond Member
- Jun 21, 2023
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Nobody is whining for not having everything given to them, except you. You keep bringing up laws and policies made for white men. Where are those laws and policies that pertain to any Americans today? I donât see how anyone would hire assholes like you, itâs not the color of your skin itâs your hateful attitude.
Stryder50
Platinum Member
Your link;
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....
Keep shooting yourself in the foot , Bozo.
Stryder50
Platinum Member
This is what your @17 line link goes to;Over the years here at USMB and in general, it appears that many have caught a severe case of amnesia as to how things have occurred. It's either that or a double standard has been applied whereas one group can get help from the government and claim it is deserved because they pay taxes, while others who have paid taxes, or been denied from becoming taxpayiing citizens by exclusion from jobs, are slammed for being dependent on government handouts.
âAccording to economic research, race has been the single most important predictor of support for American welfare programs. In other words, black poverty has been viewed as a moral failing, whereas white poverty had been viewed as a systemic problem.â -Mehrsa Baradaran- The Color of Money, Black Banks and the Racial Wealth Gap
This paper examines the U.S. governmentâs instigation, participation, authorization, and perpetuation of federal housing discrimination against black Americans from the 1930s to the 1980s and the damage that such discrimination caused and continues to cause today. Delving into the U.S. governmentâs twentieth century federal housing practices, this paper discusses how the government effectively barred black-Americans from obtaining quality housing and from investing in housing as wealth, while simultaneously subsidizing and endorsing white homeownership, white suburbs, and white wealth. Quantifying the U.S. governmentâs discriminatory practices with current wealth gaps between white- and black-American communities, this paper discusses the effects of twentieth century federal housing discrimination and argues that such government-initiated wrongs justify black reparations.
Part I examines the U.S. governmentâs housing practicesâfrom the New Deal until the 1968 Fair Housing Act and its 1988 Amendmentsâto reveal that although the New Dealâs national housing programs revolutionized homeownership and home equity in the United States, the U.S. governmentâs federal housing programs were racially discriminatory. Specifically, and quite shockingly, the U.S. government actively created and promulgated racist neighborhood rating systems that constructed black neighborhoods and black property as unstable, volatile, hazardous, and not worthy of investment. Using these racist rating systems, the federal government endorsed racial covenants and invested federal money into the creation and accumulation of white wealth, the value of whiteness, white suburbia, and white homeownership. Meanwhile, the government denied blacks federal housing funding, fueling black stigma and barring black-Americans from the invaluable twentieth century opportunities of homeownership and home equity.
Understanding the U.S. governmentâs discriminatory housing practices, Part II discusses and quantifies the effects of the governmentâs housing discrimination on black-American households and communities. Finding that approximately 120 billion 1950s dollarsâor more than 1.239 quintillion 2019 dollarsâwere invested to subsidize and create white-American wealth through homeownership, Part II discusses both the quantifiable and the less quantifiable effects of twentieth century federal housing discrimination. Mapping the impact of the U.S. governmentâs discriminatory housing practices to the black-white wealth gap, Part II argues that the black-white wealth gap may be attributable, at least in part, to twentieth century federal housing discrimination.
In conclusion, this paper argues in favor of black reparations for the discriminatory U.S. housing practices that persisted from the 1930s to the 1980sâand whose remnants pervasively continue to damage black-American communities today. At a minimum, this paper argues that the U.S. government should compensate black Americans for the 1.239 quintillion dollars of discriminatory federal housing spending. In addition, recognizing the power of wealth accumulation, the U.S. government should consider the grave and lasting impact of its discriminatory housing practices in order to repair the government-initiated wrongs perpetrated merely one generation ago. While black reparations for federal housing discrimination do not speak to or cure the issues of reparations for slavery in the United States, such reparations are one step forward in correcting past wrongs that continue to devastate black-American communities and will continue to haunt our country, if left unrepaired.
Black Reparations for Twentieth Century Federal Housing Discrimination: The Construction of White Wealth and the Effects of Denied Black Homeownership
This year marks the 400th anniversary of the first documented arrival of Africans to the United States, which resulted in the enslavement of approximately 4 milpapers.ssrn.com
The information I will present in this thread disputes the claims of white self sufficiency. Therefore why are whites telling us to do things they never did in order to succeed? This tread is about the study:
BLACK REPARATIONS FOR TWENTIETH CENTURY FEDERAL HOUSING DISCRIMINATION: THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHITE WEALTH AND THE EFFECTS OFDENIED BLACK HOMEOWNERSHIP
by JANE KIM
And not the usual ignorance that comes with any attempt to discuss this topic based on facts. So please begin reading the study. All personal attacks or off topic posts will be immediately reported.
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......
As usual, you fail to impress with your incompetence.
No amount of "reparations", on top of already reparations, will make you a "sharper knife in the drawer".
Stryder50
Platinum Member
Author of your enclosed link appears to be sparsely published or read "scholar" of questionable objectivity. Her page;Over the years here at USMB and in general, it appears that many have caught a severe case of amnesia as to how things have occurred. It's either that or a double standard has been applied whereas one group can get help from the government and claim it is deserved because they pay taxes, while others who have paid taxes, or been denied from becoming taxpayiing citizens by exclusion from jobs, are slammed for being dependent on government handouts.
âAccording to economic research, race has been the single most important predictor of support for American welfare programs. In other words, black poverty has been viewed as a moral failing, whereas white poverty had been viewed as a systemic problem.â -Mehrsa Baradaran- The Color of Money, Black Banks and the Racial Wealth Gap
This paper examines the U.S. governmentâs instigation, participation, authorization, and perpetuation of federal housing discrimination against black Americans from the 1930s to the 1980s and the damage that such discrimination caused and continues to cause today. Delving into the U.S. governmentâs twentieth century federal housing practices, this paper discusses how the government effectively barred black-Americans from obtaining quality housing and from investing in housing as wealth, while simultaneously subsidizing and endorsing white homeownership, white suburbs, and white wealth. Quantifying the U.S. governmentâs discriminatory practices with current wealth gaps between white- and black-American communities, this paper discusses the effects of twentieth century federal housing discrimination and argues that such government-initiated wrongs justify black reparations.
Part I examines the U.S. governmentâs housing practicesâfrom the New Deal until the 1968 Fair Housing Act and its 1988 Amendmentsâto reveal that although the New Dealâs national housing programs revolutionized homeownership and home equity in the United States, the U.S. governmentâs federal housing programs were racially discriminatory. Specifically, and quite shockingly, the U.S. government actively created and promulgated racist neighborhood rating systems that constructed black neighborhoods and black property as unstable, volatile, hazardous, and not worthy of investment. Using these racist rating systems, the federal government endorsed racial covenants and invested federal money into the creation and accumulation of white wealth, the value of whiteness, white suburbia, and white homeownership. Meanwhile, the government denied blacks federal housing funding, fueling black stigma and barring black-Americans from the invaluable twentieth century opportunities of homeownership and home equity.
Understanding the U.S. governmentâs discriminatory housing practices, Part II discusses and quantifies the effects of the governmentâs housing discrimination on black-American households and communities. Finding that approximately 120 billion 1950s dollarsâor more than 1.239 quintillion 2019 dollarsâwere invested to subsidize and create white-American wealth through homeownership, Part II discusses both the quantifiable and the less quantifiable effects of twentieth century federal housing discrimination. Mapping the impact of the U.S. governmentâs discriminatory housing practices to the black-white wealth gap, Part II argues that the black-white wealth gap may be attributable, at least in part, to twentieth century federal housing discrimination.
In conclusion, this paper argues in favor of black reparations for the discriminatory U.S. housing practices that persisted from the 1930s to the 1980sâand whose remnants pervasively continue to damage black-American communities today. At a minimum, this paper argues that the U.S. government should compensate black Americans for the 1.239 quintillion dollars of discriminatory federal housing spending. In addition, recognizing the power of wealth accumulation, the U.S. government should consider the grave and lasting impact of its discriminatory housing practices in order to repair the government-initiated wrongs perpetrated merely one generation ago. While black reparations for federal housing discrimination do not speak to or cure the issues of reparations for slavery in the United States, such reparations are one step forward in correcting past wrongs that continue to devastate black-American communities and will continue to haunt our country, if left unrepaired.
Black Reparations for Twentieth Century Federal Housing Discrimination: The Construction of White Wealth and the Effects of Denied Black Homeownership
This year marks the 400th anniversary of the first documented arrival of Africans to the United States, which resulted in the enslavement of approximately 4 milpapers.ssrn.com
The information I will present in this thread disputes the claims of white self sufficiency. Therefore why are whites telling us to do things they never did in order to succeed? This tread is about the study:
BLACK REPARATIONS FOR TWENTIETH CENTURY FEDERAL HOUSING DISCRIMINATION: THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHITE WEALTH AND THE EFFECTS OFDENIED BLACK HOMEOWNERSHIP
by JANE KIM
And not the usual ignorance that comes with any attempt to discuss this topic based on facts. So please begin reading the study. All personal attacks or off topic posts will be immediately reported.
Stryder50
Platinum Member
- Mar 11, 2015
- 100,603
- 106,841
- 3,645
- Thread starter
- #56
This Part of the article examines the U.S. governmentâs discriminatory housing practices from the New Deal until the 1968 Fair Housing Act and its 1988 Amendments. This time period involved various forms of discrimination, within and independent from housing and homeownership. Discrimination during this time was overt and covert in housing and lending. It was state-mandated and state-enforced at both the local and federal levels. This paper focuses on overt and active federal discriminatory housing practices, which may not have been part of a comprehensive or intentional plan, but are still highly compelling in justifying black reparations for twentieth century U.S. federal housing discrimination. As such, emphasizing that the federal government and federal law were not neutral agents to discriminatory U.S. housing practices, this Part focuses on the following three deeply married forms of federal housing discrimination: (1) âRedlining,â or the governmentâs racist rating of neighborhoods that constructed and dictated property values and public and private investment into such neighborhoods; (2) the federal governmentâs exclusion of black-Americans from access to long-term, low-interest, government-subsidized and government-insured mortgages and development loans; and (3) the federal governmentâs active endorsement of racial covenants that excluded black-Americans from quality housing and new land developments and enabled the creation of white American suburbs, white homeownership, and white wealth.
A. The Federal Construction of Neighborhood and Property Ratings: Racist Redlining is Born
Implementing FDRâs new national housing policy, the HOLC surveyed and rated every urban and suburban neighborhood in the United States. First-established by the HOLC, federal agencies and private actors both used race-based rating systems to: (a) appraise homes, neighborhoods, and households; (b) determine the government constructed property values and the investment-worthiness of prospective homeowners and land developments; and (c) exclude black-Americans from quality housing, government-subsidized and government-insured loans, and home equity opportunities. The HOLCâs rating system, which was essentially replicated by the FHA and the VA, was expressly racist. The federal government, through the HOLCâs ratings and the FHAâs ratings, effectively stigmatized minority communities by âredliningâ themâor, in other words, by falsely constructing or re-constructing these communities as dangerous and unstable. Accordingly, the federal governmentâs property and neighborhood rating systems barred private and government investment in communities of color, as well as black homeownership.
A. The Federal Construction of Neighborhood and Property Ratings: Racist Redlining is Born
Implementing FDRâs new national housing policy, the HOLC surveyed and rated every urban and suburban neighborhood in the United States. First-established by the HOLC, federal agencies and private actors both used race-based rating systems to: (a) appraise homes, neighborhoods, and households; (b) determine the government constructed property values and the investment-worthiness of prospective homeowners and land developments; and (c) exclude black-Americans from quality housing, government-subsidized and government-insured loans, and home equity opportunities. The HOLCâs rating system, which was essentially replicated by the FHA and the VA, was expressly racist. The federal government, through the HOLCâs ratings and the FHAâs ratings, effectively stigmatized minority communities by âredliningâ themâor, in other words, by falsely constructing or re-constructing these communities as dangerous and unstable. Accordingly, the federal governmentâs property and neighborhood rating systems barred private and government investment in communities of color, as well as black homeownership.
Markle
Diamond Member
- Mar 11, 2015
- 100,603
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- Thread starter
- #59
HOLC color-coded neighborhoods within the United States, grading them into four âqualityâ or âsecurityâ categories: âAâ (green), âBâ (blue), âCâ (yellow), and âDâ (red). âAâ received the highest rating and âDâ received the lowest rating, also known as being âredlined.â These categories corresponded to a neighborhoodâs level of âinvasionâ or âinfiltrationâ by an âundesirable population,â or, in other words, by persons of color.
To obtain a government rating of âA,â a neighborhood had to beâhomogeneousâ and consist of âAmerican business and professional men,â where âAmericanâ presumably meant white and often, U.S.-born. âBâ-rated areas had âreached their peakâ, but were âstill desirableâ and could be âexpected to remain stableâ. âCâ-rated areas were described as âdefinitely declining.â Finally, âDâ or âredâ neighborhoods were described as âundesirable populationsâ that, having declined, were insecure, volatile, dangerous, hazardous, and unstable. âDâ-rated or redlined communities were flagged as unsuitable for federal loans and subsidies. These redlined neighborhoods were predominantly black. For instance, in Detroit, every neighborhood with a black-American population, however small, was rated âDâ or âhazardous.â
Race was an important driver of the HOLCâs ratings. âNotions of racial and ethnic worth . . . on an unprecedented scaleâ informed the HOLCâs neighborhood ratings.46 Racial and ethnic groups were ranked in order of the most desirable to the least desirable, with the least desirable rankings having the most adverse effect on property values.47 Racial and ethnic groups were ranked in the following way:
(1) English, Germans, Scotch, Irish, Scandinavians (2) North Italians (3) Bohemians or Czechs (4) Poles (5) Lithuanians (6) Greeks (7) Russians, Jews (lower class) (8) South Italians (9) Negroes; and (10) Mexicans.
Stability, security, safety, and property value were thus attributed to âwhiteâ-American communities, whereas black neighborhoodsâor even neighborhoods with only a handful of black occupants âwere defined as hazardous homes and hazardous investment. In this way, race and the worth that the federal government attributed to a neighborhoodâs racial composition principally drove the HOLCâs ratings.
The government determined the value of a dwelling based on racial composition, alleged worth, and âinfiltrationâ of a neighborhood, where infiltration reflected racial diversity or the increase in persons of color within a neighborhood. Race was more important than the propertyâs structural characteristics, the communityâs economic class, or foreseeable mortgage default rates. In St. Louis, for example, a community known as Lincoln Terrace was originally intended for middle class white families. The neighborhood developed into a black neighborhood, but, despite the fact that the homes were relatively new and of good quality, the HOLC gave the area a âDâ rating in 1937 and 1940, asserting that the houses had âlittle or no value today, having suffered a tremendous decline in value due to the colored elements now controlling the district.â In Detroit, although the black West Side housed wealthy black-Americans and expensive homes, the neighborhood was rated âDâ or âredâ by the HOLC. Moreover, data indicates that default rates on loans were actually lower in lower-grade, minority homes, indicating that the governmentâs classification of minority neighborhoods as financially volatile was subjective, inaccurate, and discriminatory.
To obtain a government rating of âA,â a neighborhood had to beâhomogeneousâ and consist of âAmerican business and professional men,â where âAmericanâ presumably meant white and often, U.S.-born. âBâ-rated areas had âreached their peakâ, but were âstill desirableâ and could be âexpected to remain stableâ. âCâ-rated areas were described as âdefinitely declining.â Finally, âDâ or âredâ neighborhoods were described as âundesirable populationsâ that, having declined, were insecure, volatile, dangerous, hazardous, and unstable. âDâ-rated or redlined communities were flagged as unsuitable for federal loans and subsidies. These redlined neighborhoods were predominantly black. For instance, in Detroit, every neighborhood with a black-American population, however small, was rated âDâ or âhazardous.â
Race was an important driver of the HOLCâs ratings. âNotions of racial and ethnic worth . . . on an unprecedented scaleâ informed the HOLCâs neighborhood ratings.46 Racial and ethnic groups were ranked in order of the most desirable to the least desirable, with the least desirable rankings having the most adverse effect on property values.47 Racial and ethnic groups were ranked in the following way:
(1) English, Germans, Scotch, Irish, Scandinavians (2) North Italians (3) Bohemians or Czechs (4) Poles (5) Lithuanians (6) Greeks (7) Russians, Jews (lower class) (8) South Italians (9) Negroes; and (10) Mexicans.
Stability, security, safety, and property value were thus attributed to âwhiteâ-American communities, whereas black neighborhoodsâor even neighborhoods with only a handful of black occupants âwere defined as hazardous homes and hazardous investment. In this way, race and the worth that the federal government attributed to a neighborhoodâs racial composition principally drove the HOLCâs ratings.
The government determined the value of a dwelling based on racial composition, alleged worth, and âinfiltrationâ of a neighborhood, where infiltration reflected racial diversity or the increase in persons of color within a neighborhood. Race was more important than the propertyâs structural characteristics, the communityâs economic class, or foreseeable mortgage default rates. In St. Louis, for example, a community known as Lincoln Terrace was originally intended for middle class white families. The neighborhood developed into a black neighborhood, but, despite the fact that the homes were relatively new and of good quality, the HOLC gave the area a âDâ rating in 1937 and 1940, asserting that the houses had âlittle or no value today, having suffered a tremendous decline in value due to the colored elements now controlling the district.â In Detroit, although the black West Side housed wealthy black-Americans and expensive homes, the neighborhood was rated âDâ or âredâ by the HOLC. Moreover, data indicates that default rates on loans were actually lower in lower-grade, minority homes, indicating that the governmentâs classification of minority neighborhoods as financially volatile was subjective, inaccurate, and discriminatory.
Markle
Diamond Member
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