What are you saying about people with incomes around the poverty level? That they do or do not get ACA subsidies? Maybe a link would explain what you mean?
My understanding is that right now, people making 400% of the poverty level, including people making six figures are getting the Obamacare temporary supplemental covid subsidies. Republicans want to end temporary program that for obvious reason.
(Understanding that no individual person gets the ACA supplements, they go directly to the insurance companies, as a gift/bribe).
People under 100% of the FPL do not qualify for any subsidies and in states that did not expand Medicaid go without insurance unless someone can pick up the tab for them at full price. . Yes, these expanded ones went to a little over 600%. But whether or not someone making that kind of money would receive a subsidy depended on what all the agencies the application runs through said at the end.
The states that did expand Medicaid the lower FPL is I believe 138%, but if below they could receive Medicaid.
To understand how eligibility is determined.
Start with your name and if other family members are going to have coverage.
Social security numbers are mandatory and if you put in Paco Sanchez but you are using a stolen SS number you are caught right then and there.
Let's say you get all the way to the end and submit the application to determine subsidy a eligibility letter is going to pop up and ask for proof for socials, legal status, income and such. If you cannot produce proof sometime in 30-90 days you're not going to get insurance. If they want proof of your legal status you must submit copies of green cards or naturalization papers.
Up until this year your insurance could be effective Jan 1 regardless of all the above but would lose it if you didn't submit it. Rules have changed for 2026 as you won't have insurance until all proof is submitted and cleared through the govt agencies but the effective date will revert back to January 1st. So if they did not submit until end of February and had a premium they will have to pay back to Jan 1.
The application runs through CMS, IRS, DOL, DHS, etc and if you have kids on the application and you are under 250% of FPL the application automatically shoots them to state Medicaid to determine their eligibility.