Although the country's U-3 unemployment rate, as it's officially known, currently sits at 5.5 percent (which is considered to be a historically low percentage), that number only accounts for a small subset of Americans – those without jobs who have actively looked for work in the last four weeks.
But the monthly releases don't do justice to stories like Webb's. Months into her recovery, Webb wasn't counted as unemployed. She wasn't counted in the workforce at all. The Labor Department estimates 93 million people lived in the U.S. in May and were not counted as members of the labor force. Some of this group are retired, some are physically unable to work and some have just thrown in the towel on trying to land a job.
Discouraged workers are considered to be among those not included in the labor force. These are the unemployed individuals who have actively looked for a job at some point in the last 12 months but who aren't currently looking "because they believe there are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify," according to the
Labor Department.
Discouraged workers are a subdivision of "marginally attached workers," who have looked for work at some point in the past year but hadn't in the last four weeks. Of the 1.8 million marginally attached workers in the U.S.
-- In September, 1.9 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 305,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.)
These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job some time in the prior 12 months. They were
not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
-- The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (involuntary part-time workers) declined by 447,000 to 6.0 million in September. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job.
Who does the government count as 'employed'?count-employed/