December 17, 1862: Major General Ulysses S. Grant, who would become President of the United States six years later, issued the infamous General Order No 11, expelling all Jews from the Union-controlled district comprising Tennessee and Kentucky west of the Tennessee River, and parts of northern Mississippi. Ostensibly as a measure against black market cotton, the order, in blatant and direct contempt for the First Amendment, expelled all Jews from the region he controlled, based solely on the religion they practiced.
Needless to say the order met with vociferous objections on civil liberties grounds and was rescinded by President Lincoln 18 days later. In 1868 while running for President, Grant tried to distance himself from his own order, claiming it was written by a subordinate and he had signed it without reading, preferring the image of rank irresponsibility to one of religious bigotry. Yet in the previous six weeks at least, Grant had issued orders restricting and/or prohibiting travel by Jews as well, again with no basis beyond the target's religion.
Stark lesson on the fallacy of Sweeping Generalization and where it leads.
Grant appears to have eventually learned his lesson, appointing more Jews in his administrations than any previous President and becoming the first POTUS to attend a synagogue.
Coincidentally, on this date in 1943. Chinese people were permitted to become citizens again as the Magnuson Act revoked the prohibition on their citizenship enacted in the Act of 1882.
Needless to say the order met with vociferous objections on civil liberties grounds and was rescinded by President Lincoln 18 days later. In 1868 while running for President, Grant tried to distance himself from his own order, claiming it was written by a subordinate and he had signed it without reading, preferring the image of rank irresponsibility to one of religious bigotry. Yet in the previous six weeks at least, Grant had issued orders restricting and/or prohibiting travel by Jews as well, again with no basis beyond the target's religion.
Stark lesson on the fallacy of Sweeping Generalization and where it leads.
Grant appears to have eventually learned his lesson, appointing more Jews in his administrations than any previous President and becoming the first POTUS to attend a synagogue.
Coincidentally, on this date in 1943. Chinese people were permitted to become citizens again as the Magnuson Act revoked the prohibition on their citizenship enacted in the Act of 1882.