Muslim Brotherhood was a reaction to Zionism.
Excerpts:
...
The
Society of the Muslim Brothers (
Arabic: جماعة الإخوان المسلمين
Jamāʿat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn), better known as the
Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون
al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn) is a transnational
Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by
Islamic scholar and schoolteacher
Hassan al-Banna in 1928.
[27] Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing today various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties.
[28]
Initially, as a
Pan-Islamic, religious, and
social movement, it preached Islam in Egypt, taught the
illiterate, and set up hospitals and business enterprises. It later advanced into the political arena, aiming to end
British colonial control of Egypt. The movement's self-stated aim is the establishment of a state ruled by
sharia law under a
caliphate[29]–its most famous slogan is "Islam is the solution". Charity is a major aspect of its work.
[1]
The group spread to other Muslim countries but still has one of its largest organizations in Egypt, despite a succession of government crackdowns from 1948 up until the present.
[30] It remained a fringe group in the politics of the
Arab World until the 1967
Six-Day War, when Islamism managed to replace popular secular
Arab nationalism after a resounding Arab defeat by Israel.
[31] The movement was also supported by Saudi Arabia, with which it shared mutual enemies like
communism.
[32]
...
The group's founder accepted the utility of political violence
[38] and members of Brotherhood conducted assassinations and attempted assassinations on Egyptian state figures during his lifetime, including Egyptian Prime Minister
Mahmud El Nokrashi in 1948.
[39] Sayyid Qutb, one of the group's most prominent thinkers, promoted
takfirism in
Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq (
Milestones), a doctrine that permits "the stigmatisation of other Muslims as infidel or apostate, and of existing states as unIslamic, and the use of extreme violence in the pursuit of the perfect Islamic society"; this doctrine continues to inspire many
Jihadist movements.
[40][41] The group abandoned the use of violence in the 1970s. However,
Hamas, a Palestinian militant group that currently controls the
Gaza Strip, is an off-shoot of the Brotherhood that continues to use violence. The Brotherhood itself claims to be a peaceful, democratic organization, and that its leader[
who?] "condemns violence and violent acts".
[42]
Today, the primary state backers of the Muslim Brotherhood are
Qatar and the
AKP-ruling
Turkey.
[43] As of 2015, it is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of
Bahrain,
[44] Egypt,
[45] Russia,
[46] Syria,
[47] Saudi Arabia[48] and the
United Arab Emirates.
[49]
...
Formative period (1928–1936)
Hassan al-Banna founded the Muslim Brotherhood in the city of
Ismailia in March 1928 along with six workers of the
Suez Canal Company, as a
Pan-Islamic, religious, political, and
social movement.
[50] They appointed Al-Banna as their leader and vowed to work for
Islam through
Jihad and revive Islamic Brotherhood. Thus, the Muslim Brothers were born; under the pledge that its members would
be soldiers in the call to Islam, and in that is the life for the country and the honour for the
Umma... We are brothers in the service of Islam.. Hence we are the "Muslim Brothers".
[51][52]
The Suez Canal Company helped Banna build the mosque in Ismailia that would serve as the Brotherhood's headquarters, according to
Richard P. Mitchell's
The Society of Muslim Brothers.
[53] According to al-Banna, contemporary Islam had lost its social dominance, because most Muslims had been corrupted by Western influences. Sharia law based on the
Qur'an and the
Sunnah were seen as laws passed down by God that should be applied to all parts of life, including the organization of the government and the handling of everyday problems.
[54]
....
en.wikipedia.org
As an expression of Islamic Jihad it goes beyond just a "reaction to Zionism".
