There was no civil war in the United States.
A civil war is when two or more factions fight over the control of a central government. The south was not trying to take over the federal government, they were trying to leave an oppressive federal government and establish their own government. Very similar to the revolutionary war that we are all so proud of.
Although a civil war commonly does involve a fight for control of the government, it is not a requirement. Check your definitions of civil war. It is a fight between regions or factions of a same country. Civil War is the property term. However, if the South had won the war it would have probably been called a revolutionary war, at least by Southerners.
Although the proclamation did not free all the slaves, it did lay the groundwork for the 13th amendment. If any man is to be given credit for freeing the slaves Lincoln is certainly that man.