Options for family building
Gay couples who want to have children will need an egg donor, who provides the eggs, as well as a surrogate, who will carry the pregnancy. The egg donor and surrogate can be two different women (uses gestational surrogate), or one in the same (known as a traditional surrogate). Note that some states, however, mandate that the donor and surrogate must be two different women.
These roles may be provided for gay men by their female relatives or friends. Alternatively, some fertility clinics, agencies and attorneys facilitate connections with surrogates and egg donors.
1. Traditional surrogacy with Artificial Insemination (AI)
In this case the surrogate is artificially inseminated with the intended biological father's sperm.
2. IVF and Egg Donation and Gestational Surrogate
Using this scenario, two women are involved.
IVF (in vitro fertilization) is used to control the ovulatory process, removing eggs from the donor's ovaries and letting sperm fertilize them in a fluid medium (in vitro). The resulting embryos are then transferred to the surrogate's uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy.