Reviving Old Aircraft Could Help the U.S. Raise an Army of ‘Undead’ Drones

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Fighters like the F-16 could come out of retirement to become armed drones ... if the Pentagon is willing to become a “bureaucratic necromancer.”

The U.S. Air Force has thousands of aircraft, including recently deactivated fighters, in mothballs.

A new proposal from war analyst Zachary Kallenborn would see them reactivated and refitted for combat duty as armed drones among other special mission uses.

The revamped “undead” planes would allow the Air Force’s overall fleet to grow, boosting the number of planes capable of combat.





The U.S. Air Force might be sitting on the key to expanding its inventory of fighter jets without even knowing it. Older planes, like the F-16 Fighting Falcon, could be brought back to life as uncrewed drones, among other combat weapons. The drones—what war analyst Zachary Kallenborn calls “undead aircraft” in a recent article for War on the Rocks—could be an inexpensive, expendable solution to the problem of rising aircraft costs. Undead aircraft could take on assignments too dangerous for crewed aircraft, flying one last mission before a permanent retirement.

This concept, which Kallenborn cheekily terms “necro-aeronautics,” would see planes brought out of retirement from aircraft graveyards, such as the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group, or AMARG, at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson, Arizona. There, in an area known as “the Boneyard,” thousands of ex-Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps planes are parked in neat rows in the Arizona desert, where low humidity slows decay. Many are also shrink-wrapped in plastic and maintained.



Aircraft sent to the Boneyard are typically retired after something better comes along; F-16s at the base have been replaced by newer F-16s, or even F-35As. For most planes, it’s a sunny retirement until the Air Force decides to send them to the scrapper. On very rare occasions, a service will reactivate planes, as was the case for the B-52 Stratofortress bombers “Wise Guy” and “Ghost Rider.”

Many of the planes in the Boneyard were in flyable condition, but have simply become obsolete. Some are considered no longer safe to fly, their airframes having reached the point of exhaustion. Others are cannibalized to keep active aircraft of the same family flying on active duty.

The Air Force already converts F-16s to QF-16s, the “Q” designation meaning “uncrewed.” QF-16s are used as target drones, mimicking high-performance enemy fighters, an opportunity for fighter pilots to use live missiles against a remote-controlled target. Kallenborn’s article goes a step further, considering what it would be like to actually arm an F-16 drone and send it into combat.

Undead aircraft, freed of the need to carry a pilot, can carry out a whole new level of dangerous missions. Kallenborn sees the possibility of robo-aircraft armed with missiles, bombs, and other munitions, or simply used as decoys. QF-16s could be armed with HARM anti-radiation missiles and then flown over enemy air defenses, automatically launching HARMs at any radar that dares to turn in its flight path. The concept would be extremely dangerous to an aircraft with a human pilot, but for an undead fighter, it’s just another mission flown.

Undead aircraft could even be loaded up with bombs and turned into giant cruise missiles. A drone bomb could then be flown against targets like the Crimean Bridge, an 11-mile-long bridge Russia built after it illegally annexed the Crimean peninsula from Ukraine. The bridge is currently a supply route for Russian forces attacking Ukraine, and its destruction would be a major setback in a war that has not gone at all as planned for Russia.

Kallenborn’s idea could be a low-effort, high-payoff endeavor. The Air Force and the other flying services already have the planes and the technology to convert them into unmanned platforms, including the ability to take off and land autonomously. The last remaining step would be to equip them with weapons and the ability to use them. Undead jets in most cases could be supplied with spare parts from the Boneyard, and 3D-printing scarce parts in time might also become an option.

Adding undead fighters to the Air Force could solve two of the Pentagon’s most pressing problems: one, the high cost of weapon systems, especially aircraft, which threatens to gradually shrink the service’s ability to bring a mass of planes to a future conflict; and two, removing risk to pilots.

If Kallenborn has his way, the Air Force of the future will fly a fleet of crewed fighters and bombers, new drones, and these undead fighters. He calls on the Pentagon to become a bureaucratic necromancer—to “raise its arms and bring forth a shambling mass of undead aircraft to overwhelm adversaries.” If that happens, America’s enemies could face their own zombie apocalypse.

Reviving Old Aircraft Could Help the U.S. Raise an Army of ‘Undead’ Drones

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Joe Kennedy died on a mission in WWII where he was supposed to pilot a PBY loaded with explosives to within a close distance of a target, then to bail out. IIRC, it exploded prematurely.
 
Joe Kennedy died on a mission in WWII where he was supposed to pilot a PBY loaded with explosives to within a close distance of a target, then to bail out. IIRC, it exploded prematurely.
Not a "PBY"-Catalina, but a PB4Y-1, Naval version of a B-24 Liberator.
Radio control of remote drone type aircraft a rather new technology then. In the case of the PB4Y-1/B-24 it appeared to be some fault with the wiring of detonation controls.
 
"Remote control" in this case consists of keeping a plane on a level course until it crashes into a target. A missile is far more efficient.
 
"Remote control" in this case consists of keeping a plane on a level course until it crashes into a target. A missile is far more efficient.
If it's operating in a controlled or lightly contested airspace I suspect it would be a lot more capable than you make it out to be. It would not be just "point-n-shoot".

Drones can and currently are effectively operated thousands of miles away from their target areas. Many operators are not even in theater.

LOL.....Refueling might be a bit hairy at first but even that can be overcome with training.....

I like the concept but there will always be the neocons that insist on some "87th generation" aircraft to do the same job....Their PACs don't fund themselves. ;)
 
The military is already converting a few f16s to UAVs as of last year, for training exercises. It would take absolutely zero effort to start using them as armed UAVs instead. It's a good idea.
 
Joe Kennedy died on a mission in WWII where he was supposed to pilot a PBY loaded with explosives to within a close distance of a target, then to bail out. IIRC, it exploded prematurely.
Some further elaboration;
....

Operations Aphrodite and Anvil​

Further information: Operation Aphrodite

Operation Aphrodite was the use of Army Air Corps Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Navy Consolidated PB4Y-1 Liberator bombers that were converted into flying bombs and deliberately crashed into their targets under radio control from an accompanying bomber.[7] They were to be used for precision attacks on well-protected targets. These "drone" aircraft could not take off safely on their own and so a crew of two would take off and fly to 2,000 feet (610 m) altitude before they activated the remote control system, armed the detonators, and parachuted from the aircraft. After trials, the first mission took place on August 4, 1944, against targets including the Fortress of Mimoyecques, an underground military complex under construction in northern France.[8]

The U.S. Navy also participated in Operation Aphrodite, with its portion referred to as Operation Anvil.[9] Kennedy had been appointed a lieutenant on July 1.[6] After the U.S. Army Air Corps operation missions were drawn up on July 23, lieutenants Wilford John Willy[10] and Kennedy were designated as the Navy's first Anvil flight crew.[11] Willy, who was the executive officer of Special Air Unit 1, had also volunteered for the mission and pulled rank over Ensign James Simpson, who was Kennedy's regular co-pilot.[8][12]


Anvil accident and death​

Last known photograph of Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. on day of flight, August 12, 1944
On August 12, Kennedy and his co-pilot Willy flew a BQ-8 "robot" aircraft (a converted B-24 Liberator) for the Navy's first Aphrodite mission. Initially, two Lockheed Ventura mother planes and a Boeing B-17 navigation plane took off from RAF Fersfield, Norfolk, England at 1800 on Saturday, August 12, 1944. Then the BQ-8 aircraft, loaded with 21,170 lb (9,600 kg) of Torpex explosive, took off to be used against the suspected V-2 development site at Mimoyecques.

Following them in a USAAF F-8 Mosquito to film the mission were pilot Lieutenant Robert A. Tunnel and combat cameraman Lieutenant David J. McCarthy, who filmed the event from the perspex nose of the aircraft.[13] As planned, Kennedy and Willy remained aboard as the BQ-8 completed its first remote-controlled turn at 2,000 ft (610 m) near the North Sea coast. Kennedy and Willy removed the safety pin, arming the explosive package, and Kennedy radioed the agreed code Spade Flush, his last known words. Two minutes later and well before the planned crew bailout, near RAF Manston, the explosives detonated prematurely, destroying the Liberator and killing Kennedy and Willy instantly. Wreckage landed near the village of Blythburgh in Suffolk, England, causing widespread damage and small fires, but there were no injuries on the ground. According to one report, 59 buildings were damaged in a nearby coastal town.


Attempted first Aphrodite attack Twelve August with robot taking off from Fersfield at One Eight Zero Five Hours. Robot exploded in the air at approximately two thousand feet eight miles southeast of Halesworth at One Eight Two Zero hours. Wilford J. Willy Sr Grade Lieutenant and Joseph P. Kennedy Sr Grade Lieutenant, both USNR, were killed. Commander Smith, in command of this unit, is making full report TO US Naval Operations. A more detailed report will be forwarded to you when interrogation is completed
— Top Secret telegram to General Carl Andrew Spaatz from General Jimmy Doolittle, August 1944[14]

According to USAAF records, the trailing Mosquito "was flying 300 feet above and about 300 yards to the rear of the robot. Engineer photographer on this ship was injured, and the ship was damaged slightly by the explosion."[15] The Mosquito, which made an immediate emergency landing at RAF Halesworth, belonged to the 325th Reconnaissance Wing, a unit under the command of the son of President Franklin Roosevelt, then Colonel Elliott Roosevelt, who years later claimed to have been aboard that trailing aircraft, and his version of the event has gained wide currency.[16] However, Air Force records cannot substantiate it. Instead, an after-action account by the 8th Combat Camera Unit (CCU) noted: ...

....
~~~~~~~~~~~
Note orange colored text highlight in the above for key elements.

Note also that per this embedded link, there were to be eight other aircraft involved in this mission.

Also note that the two crew members were to bail out early on in the mission, before leaving airspace over the UK.

Something came to my attention drawing back to this "old" thread. I'll follow with one focused on aircraft designation systems of the 1940's~WW Two era.
 
"Remote control" in this case consists of keeping a plane on a level course until it crashes into a target. A missile is far more efficient.
Except the USA/Allies didn't have long range missiles, guided or unguided available; in inventory at this time during WWII.
Won't have anything up to this mission until about a decade or two later.
 
Not a "PBY"-Catalina, but a PB4Y-1, Naval version of a B-24 Liberator.
Radio control of remote drone type aircraft a rather new technology then. In the case of the PB4Y-1/B-24 it appeared to be some fault with the wiring of detonation controls.
During the 1940's to 1950's the U.S. Navy went through a couple of systems for designation of different aircraft types/models.

Nominally, the first letter or two would designate the mission designed for; the following number would designate the type/model number from that manufacturer, and the following number would designated the improved version of that type.
Examples:
PB = Patrol Bomber
Y = Consolidated Vultee
hence PBY-1 was the first version of the Catalina flying boat built for the Navy by Consolidated Vultee Company (this ID ran up to PBY-6)

Consolidated PBY Catalina




PB4Y = Patrol Bomber - design/type #4 - built by Consolidated Vultee. Basically what was known by USAAF designation B-24x(D thru H)Liberator purchased and used by the U.S.Navy.

Consolidated B-24 Liberator

world-war-two-us-b-24-liberator-aircraft-of-the-93rd-bomb-news-photo-1669148727.jpg

consolidated-b-24-liberator-3d-model-low-poly-blend.jpg

B-24%20Cutaway%20drawing.jpg


U.S. Navy nomenclature and sub-variants​

PB4Y-1U.S. Navy designation applied to 976 navalized B-24D, J, L and M models built at Consolidated's San Diego factory, as well as one North American-built B-24G. Later aircraft were equipped with an ERCO nose turret.[54]

Another example is Fighter types;
F4U-n = Fighter, type/design #4, from Chance-Vought Company; Corsair.

Vought F4U Corsair

CAF-FG-1d-Corsair_Photo-by-Luigino-Caliaro_WM.jpeg

Whereas;
F4F-n = Fighter, type/design #4, from Grumman Company; Wildcat.

Grumman F4F Wildcat

F4F%20Wildcat%20-%20Midway%20Limited%20Edition,%20Dual%20Combo%20Eduard%20(ED11166)%20Boxart%20(1).jpg


F6F-n = Fighter, type/design #6, from Grumman Company; Hellcat.

Grumman F6F Hellcat

a-grumman-f6f-hellcat-fighter-plane-in-flight,stsgr100020m.jpg


However, this system did have some glitches of sorts;
SBD-3/5 = Scout Bomber Douglas (Company) Version/Model #3, or later one 5. Dauntless Dive Bomber.

Douglas SBD Dauntless

NX670AM_Douglas_SBD-5_Dauntless_Bu_No_28536_Planes_of_Fame_Air_Museum_%28centered%29.jpg


Yet SB2C-n = Scout Bomber, design/type #2, from Curtiss Company.

Curtiss SB2C Helldiver

Curtiss-SB2C-Helldiver-WWII-Dive-Bomber-Title.jpg

 
Joe Kennedy died on a mission in WWII where he was supposed to pilot a PBY loaded with explosives to within a close distance of a target, then to bail out. IIRC, it exploded prematurely.

Actually, the aircraft was a converted B-24 and his mission was to get it off the ground and flying level until remote radio control could take the plane all the way to the target. Basically, a very primitive cruise missile.

It even had a slow-scan TV link to the radio operator to allow them to read the gauges.

He was meant to arm the explosives and bail out while still a very long way from the intended target. Something went wrong with the arming sequence and .... unintended detonation.
 

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