What health problems are linked to obesity?
Compared to adults with normal weight, adults with a BMI greater than 30 are more likely to be diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, stroke, high cholesterol, gout, osteoarthritis, sleep problems, asthma, skin conditions and some types of cancer.
In June 1998 the American Heart Association announced that it was upgrading obesity to a ‘major risk factor’ for CHD. Obesity also is an important causal factor in type 2 diabetes, and it complicates management of the disease, making treatment less effective.
Psychological disorders which obesity may trigger include depression, eating disorders, distorted body image, and low self-esteem.
Obese people have been found several times to have higher rates of depression. For example, David A. Kats, MD and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin-Madison assessed quality of life in 2,931 patients with chronic health conditions including obesity. They found that clinical depression was highest in very obese participants (BMI over 35).
Other researchers also have identified an increase in depressive symptoms in very obese people. Evidence from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study indicates that clinically significant depression is three to four times higher in severely obese individuals than in similar non-obese individuals.
“Depression on a level indicating psychiatric morbidity was more often seen in the obese,” the authors, Professor Marianne Sullivan and her team from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden wrote in a journal article. They reported that the depression scores for obese people were as bad as, or worse than, those for patients with chronic pain.