Over 100 years ago, then U. S. banks had their own notes. Then the Socialist Concept of Centralized Credit happened. By 1963, then no concept of a gold-backed currency even appears on the notes.
No more beads and trinkets, of the metallic money of Adam Smith.
Then notice that less than 1% of Total Net Debt was really at risk in the sub-prime problem. Then notice that panic happened, because of that. The panic mainly happened since the Republcans had failed at Socialist, market-oriented, economics: Which the Clintons had done. The Clinton Administration had propped up lower incomes to the extent that Clinton, and not Bush, would be regarded comically as the first African American president in U. S. history.
Later it could be shown that 20% Afrikaner, 80% not too up on things, actually suited Bush II, Terms I and II, far better than it fit the two Clinton terms.
For a sense of humor, Marx had a concept of intrinsic value of beads and trinkets, but also an inflationary concept of paper money and bank notes.
Fortunately, for Socialists, there are those in America not entangled in foreign intellectual conspiracies: Of any time at all in the history of humanity! Mascale is not a "Creator," even, but an "Originator!" A good sense of humor, actually: Runs the World(?)!
"Crow, James Crow: Shaken, Not Stirred!"
(The Mathenomics of Arithmetic easily escaped the educated people!)