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Iran and state-sponsored terrorism - Wikipedia
Since the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the government of Iran has been actively involved in the training, financing, and providing weapons and safe havens for non-state militant actors, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza, and other Palestinian groups (Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)). These groups are designated terrorist groups by a number of countries and international bodies; however, Iran considers such groups to be "national liberation movements" with a right to self-defense in the face of Israeli military occupation.[1]
The United States State Department has also accused Iranian-backed Iraqi Shia militias of terrorism against US troops, and Iran of cyberterrorism, primarily through its Quds Force.[2]
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)
After the fall of the Shah in 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran established the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) to domestically promote the government's social policy. IRGC is accused of spreading its ideology in neighboring regions by training and funding "terrorist organizations". By 1986, IRGC had 350,000 members and had acquired a small naval and air force. By 1996, its ground forces numbered 100,000 and the naval forces numbered 20,000. They are believed to use the Quds Force to train Islamic militants.[3]
In 1995, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard held a conference with worldwide organizations accused of engaging in terrorism including the Japanese Red Army, the Armenian Secret Army, the Kurdistan Workers' Party, the Iraqi Da'wah Party, the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain and Hezbollah in Beirut for the sole purpose of providing training to these organizations supposedly to help in the destabilization of Gulf States and aid assistance to militants in these countries to replace the existing governments with Iran-like regimes.[4]
The United States State Department states that IRGC provides support for Hamas, Hezbollah and Palestinian Islamic Jihad in Israel. They also say that IRGC has given much support and training to terrorists supporting the Palestinian resistance. They are also accused of aiding the Iraqi insurgency in southern Iraq.[4]
United States designates IRGC as foreign terrorist organization
On April 15, 2019, the United States officially designated Iran's elite Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a foreign terrorist organization.[5] This followed the earlier declaration by the U.S. President Donald Trump on April 8 that he would name Iran's elite IRGC a terrorist organization.[6]
Alleged activities in other countries
Albania
On 19 December 2018 Albania expelled Iran's ambassador to the country, Gholamhossein Mohammadnia, and another Iranian diplomat for "involvement in activities that harm the country's security", for "violating their diplomatic status and supporting terrorism."[7] The expelled Iranians were alleged to have plotted terrorist attacks in the country, including targeting MEK\PMOI event to silence dissidents.[8]
Bahrain
On 30 September 2015, Bahraini security forces discovered a large bomb-making factory in Nuwaidrat and arrested a number of suspects linked to the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. The next day, 1 October, Bahrain recalled its ambassador to Iran and asked the Iranian acting charge d’affaires to leave the kingdom within 72 hours after he was declared persona non-grata. Bahrain's decision to recall its ambassador came "in light of continued Iranian meddling in the affairs of the kingdom of Bahrain in order to create sectarian strife and to impose hegemony and control.[9][10]
On 6 January 2016, Bahrain said it had dismantled a terrorist cell allegedly linked to the Revolutionary Guards and Hezbollah. The Bahraini interior ministry said the cell was planning to carry out a “series of dangerous bombings” on the kingdom, and that many members were arrested including the group's leaders, 33-year-old twins Ali and Mohammed Fakhrawi.[11]
India
In July 2012, The Times of India reported that New Delhi police had concluded that terrorists belonging to a branch of Iran's military, the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, were responsible for an attack on 13 February 2012, during which a bomb explosion targeted an Israeli diplomat in New Delhi, India, wounding one embassy staff member, a local employee, and two passers-by. According to the report, the Iranian Revolutionary Guards may have planned other attacks on Israeli targets around the world as well.[12][13][14]
Israel
Iran does not recognize Israel as a state,[15] and provides support for Hamas, Hezbollah and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[16][17][18]
Hamas
Iran supplies political support and weapons to Hamas,[19] an organization classified by Israel, the United States, Canada, the European Union, Egypt, Australia and Japan as a terrorist organization. Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority, has said "Hamas is funded by Iran. It claims it is financed by donations, but the donations are nothing like what it receives from Iran".[20] From 2000 to 2004, Hamas was responsible for killing nearly 400 Israelis and wounding more than 2,000 in 425 attacks, according to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 2001 through May 2008, Hamas launched more than 3,000 Qassam rockets and 2,500 mortar attacks into Israel.[21]
Hezbollah[edit]
President Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy show respect to the victims of 1983 barracks bombing.
Main article: Hezbollah
During the 1980s and 1990s, a wave of kidnappings, bombings, and assassinations of Western targets, particularly American and Israeli, occurred in Lebanon and other countries. The attacks, attributed to Hezbollah, have included:
Its methods include assassinations, kidnappings, suicide bombings, and guerrilla warfare. It is believed to be one of the Islamic resistance groups that made suicide bombings common use. Other attacks credited to Hezbollah include:
Iranian proxies killed an estimated 1,100 US troops in Iraq.[42] In addition, insurgents supported by Iran reportedly committed acts of terrorism.[35][43][44] The United States State Department states that weapons are smuggled into Iraq and used to arm Iran's allies among the Shiite militias, including those of the anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr and his Mahdi army.[45]
During his address to the United States Congress on September 11, 2007, Commanding Officer for the United States forces in Iraq, General David Petraeus noted that the multinational forces in Iraq found that Iran's Quds force had provided training, equipment, funding, and direction to Shi'ite militia groups. “When we captured the leaders of these so-called special groups … and the deputy commander of a Lebanese Hezbollah department that was created to support their efforts in Iraq, we’ve learned a great deal about how Iran has, in fact, supported these elements and how those elements have carried out violent acts against our forces, Iraqi forces and innocent civilians.”[43]
In 2015, Michael Weiss and Michael Pregent accused the Popular Mobilization Units, an organization of 40 mainly-Shi'ite militias backed by Iran, of committing extensive atrocities against Sunni civilians in the course of their war against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, including "burning people alive in their houses, playing soccer with severed human heads, and ethnically cleansing and razing whole villages to the ground." Weiss and Pregent even suggested that "Iran's Shi'ite militias aren't a whole lot better than the Islamic State."[46]
Kenya
Aggrey Adoli, police chief in Kenya's coastal region, said on 22 June 2012 that two Iranians, Ahmad Abolfathi Mohammad and Sayed Mansour Mousavi, believed to be members of Iran's Revolutionary Guards' Quds Force,[47] were arrested and suspected of being involved in terrorism. One of the Iranians led counter-terrorism officers to recover 15 kilograms of a powdery substance believed to be explosive.[48] The two Iranians allegedly admitted to plotting to attack United States, Israeli, Saudi, or British targets in Kenya.[47] In court, Police Sgt. Erick Opagal, an investigator with Kenya's Anti-Terrorism Police Unit, said that the two Iranians had shipped over 100 kilograms of powerful explosives into Kenya.[49]
It was later revealed that the targets included Gil Haskel, Israel's ambassador to Kenya. During a visit to Kenya in August, Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon praised Kenya for its efforts in stopping Iranian terror threats against Israeli and Jewish targets. Uganda, Ethiopia, and Kenya all expressed concern with Ayalon regarding Iran's attempts to increase terror activity in Africa.[50]
Argentina
Main article: AMIA bombing
On 18 July 1994, there was an attack on the Argentine Israelite Mutual Association (AMIA) building in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which killed 85 people and injured hundreds. It was Argentina's deadliest bombing ever. Argentina accused Tehran in 2006 of being behind the attacks, and indicted several senior Iranian officials, including Hashemi Rafsanjani and Ahmad Vahidi, as well as Hezbollah's Imad Mughniyah.
Thailand
Main article: 2012 Bangkok bombings
On 14 February 2012, a series of explosions occurred in Bangkok, Thailand. Thai authorities said that the bombings were a botched attempt by Iranian nationals to assassinate Israeli diplomats. Several Iranians were arrested and charged for the attacks, one of whom was badly injured.
France
In October 2018, France froze Iranian financial assets in response to an alleged bomb plot to be carried out against an opposition group at a rally in Paris. The plot was said to be against the National Council of Resistance of Iran, which styles itself as Iran's government-in-exile.[51] Assadollah Assadi, an Iranian diplomat in the Vienna embassy, was arrested in Germany in connection with the alleged plot to blow up a meeting of Iranian dissidents in Paris in June.[52]
Denmark
In October 2018, Denmark said the Iranian government intelligence service had tried to carry out a plot to assassinate an Iranian Arab opposition figure on its soil.[53] The planned assassination was of an exiled leader of the Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahvaz (ASMLA). Sweden extradited a Norwegian national of Iranian background to Denmark in connection with the foiled plot against the ASMLA leader.[52]
Alleged Al-Qaeda ties
Al-Qaeda leaders regard Shia Muslims as heretics and have attacked their mosques and gatherings.[54] In Iraq it considers Shi'i civilians to be legitimate targets for acts of violence.[55] The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by Iran and many other countries, and Iran has a hostile relationship with the group.[56] However, allegedly Al-Qaeda and Iran formed an alliance during the 1990s in which Hezbollah trained al Qaeda operatives.[57] Iran detained hundreds of al Qaeda operatives that entered the country following the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan; even though "the Iranian government has held most of them under house arrest, limited their freedom of movement, and closely monitored their activities," U.S. officials have expressed concerns that Iran has not fully accounted for their whereabouts, culminating in accusations of Iranian complicity in the 2003 Riyadh compound bombings.[56][58]
1998 United States embassy bombings
On November 8, 2011, Judge John D. Bates ruled in federal court that Iran was liable for the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. In his 45-page decision, Judge Bates wrote that "Prior to their meetings with Iranian officials and agents Bin Laden and al Qaeda did not possess the technical expertise required to carry out the embassy bombings in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam."[59]
USS Cole bombing
In March 2015, U.S. federal judge Rudolph Contreras found both Iran and Sudan complicit in the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole by al Qaeda, stating that "Iran was directly involved in establishing Al-Qaeda's Yemen network and supported training and logistics for Al-Qaeda in the Gulf region" through Hezbollah. Two previous federal judges had ruled that Sudan was liable for its role in the attack, but Contreras's "ruling is the first to find Iran partly responsible for the incident."[60]
September 11
Main article: Responsibility for the September 11 attacks
The U.S. indictment of bin Laden filed in 1998 stated that al-Qaeda "forged alliances ... with the government of Iran and its associated terrorist group Hezbollah for the purpose of working together against their perceived common enemies."[57] On May 31, 2001, Steven Emerson and Daniel Pipes wrote in The Wall Street Journal that "Officials of the Iranian government helped arrange advanced weapons and explosives training for Al-Qaeda personnel in Lebanon where they learned, for example, how to destroy large buildings."[61]
The 9/11 Commission Report stated that 8 to 10 of the hijackers on 9/11 previously passed through Iran and their travel was facilitated by Iranian border guards.[57][62] The report also found "circumstantial evidence that senior Hezbollah operatives were closely tracking the travel of some of these future muscle hijackers into Iran in November 2000."[62] After the commission called for "further investigation" into a possible Iranian role in the attacks, President George W. Bush demanded that Iran sever its ties with al-Qaeda, while saying that in his view, "There was no direct connection between Iran and the attacks of September 11."[63]
Two defectors from Iran's intelligence service testified that Iranian officials had "foreknowledge of the 9/11 attacks."[64] By contrast, the 9/11 Commission "found no evidence that Iran or Hezbollah was aware of the planning for what later became the 9/11 attack. At the time of their travel through Iran, the al Qaeda operatives themselves were probably not aware of the specific details of their future operation." In addition, both bin al-Shibh and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed denied "any relationship between the hijackers and Hezbollah" and "any other reason for the hijackers' travel to Iran" besides "taking advantage of the Iranian practice of not stamping Saudi passports."[62]
Riyadh compound bombings
According to Seth G. Jones and Peter Bergen, the 2003 Riyadh compound bombings were planned by al Qaeda operatives in Iran, with apparent Iranian complicity.[58][65] In May 2003, then-State Department official Ryan Crocker provided information on the upcoming attack to Iranian officials, who apparently took no action.[35]
Taliban insurgency
U.S. and British officials have accused Iran of giving weapons and support to the Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan.[66][67][68][69]
Cyberattacks
In October 2012, a former United States government official said that American authorities believe that Iranian hackers, who were likely supported by the Iranian government, were responsible for cyberattacks against oil and gas companies in the Persian Gulf. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta has called the cyberattacks the most destructive cyberattacks in the private sector. Another American official said that the Obama administration knows that a government was responsible for the cyberattacks, which was confirmed by American agencies investigating the cyberattacks.[70]
Just a few days after United States put Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, IRGC in Foreign Terrorist Organizations List, Instagram social media blocked accounts belonging to IRGC, and Qassem Soleimani, the then commander of the Quds force.[71]
US court judgments
On multiple occasions, US courts have awarded damages to the victims of terrorism; deemed payable by Iran on the basis that although the attacks were not directly controlled by Iran, evidence shows Iranian payments supporting these terrorist groups. There has been controversy over how to enforce these decisions in order to make Iran pay reparations.[72]
Other allegations
Along with the above allegations, Iran is also accused of other acts of terrorism. Including:
Since the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the government of Iran has been actively involved in the training, financing, and providing weapons and safe havens for non-state militant actors, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza, and other Palestinian groups (Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)). These groups are designated terrorist groups by a number of countries and international bodies; however, Iran considers such groups to be "national liberation movements" with a right to self-defense in the face of Israeli military occupation.[1]
The United States State Department has also accused Iranian-backed Iraqi Shia militias of terrorism against US troops, and Iran of cyberterrorism, primarily through its Quds Force.[2]
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)
After the fall of the Shah in 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran established the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) to domestically promote the government's social policy. IRGC is accused of spreading its ideology in neighboring regions by training and funding "terrorist organizations". By 1986, IRGC had 350,000 members and had acquired a small naval and air force. By 1996, its ground forces numbered 100,000 and the naval forces numbered 20,000. They are believed to use the Quds Force to train Islamic militants.[3]
In 1995, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard held a conference with worldwide organizations accused of engaging in terrorism including the Japanese Red Army, the Armenian Secret Army, the Kurdistan Workers' Party, the Iraqi Da'wah Party, the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain and Hezbollah in Beirut for the sole purpose of providing training to these organizations supposedly to help in the destabilization of Gulf States and aid assistance to militants in these countries to replace the existing governments with Iran-like regimes.[4]
The United States State Department states that IRGC provides support for Hamas, Hezbollah and Palestinian Islamic Jihad in Israel. They also say that IRGC has given much support and training to terrorists supporting the Palestinian resistance. They are also accused of aiding the Iraqi insurgency in southern Iraq.[4]
United States designates IRGC as foreign terrorist organization
On April 15, 2019, the United States officially designated Iran's elite Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a foreign terrorist organization.[5] This followed the earlier declaration by the U.S. President Donald Trump on April 8 that he would name Iran's elite IRGC a terrorist organization.[6]
Alleged activities in other countries
Albania
On 19 December 2018 Albania expelled Iran's ambassador to the country, Gholamhossein Mohammadnia, and another Iranian diplomat for "involvement in activities that harm the country's security", for "violating their diplomatic status and supporting terrorism."[7] The expelled Iranians were alleged to have plotted terrorist attacks in the country, including targeting MEK\PMOI event to silence dissidents.[8]
Bahrain
On 30 September 2015, Bahraini security forces discovered a large bomb-making factory in Nuwaidrat and arrested a number of suspects linked to the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. The next day, 1 October, Bahrain recalled its ambassador to Iran and asked the Iranian acting charge d’affaires to leave the kingdom within 72 hours after he was declared persona non-grata. Bahrain's decision to recall its ambassador came "in light of continued Iranian meddling in the affairs of the kingdom of Bahrain in order to create sectarian strife and to impose hegemony and control.[9][10]
On 6 January 2016, Bahrain said it had dismantled a terrorist cell allegedly linked to the Revolutionary Guards and Hezbollah. The Bahraini interior ministry said the cell was planning to carry out a “series of dangerous bombings” on the kingdom, and that many members were arrested including the group's leaders, 33-year-old twins Ali and Mohammed Fakhrawi.[11]
India
In July 2012, The Times of India reported that New Delhi police had concluded that terrorists belonging to a branch of Iran's military, the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, were responsible for an attack on 13 February 2012, during which a bomb explosion targeted an Israeli diplomat in New Delhi, India, wounding one embassy staff member, a local employee, and two passers-by. According to the report, the Iranian Revolutionary Guards may have planned other attacks on Israeli targets around the world as well.[12][13][14]
Israel
Iran does not recognize Israel as a state,[15] and provides support for Hamas, Hezbollah and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[16][17][18]
Hamas
Iran supplies political support and weapons to Hamas,[19] an organization classified by Israel, the United States, Canada, the European Union, Egypt, Australia and Japan as a terrorist organization. Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority, has said "Hamas is funded by Iran. It claims it is financed by donations, but the donations are nothing like what it receives from Iran".[20] From 2000 to 2004, Hamas was responsible for killing nearly 400 Israelis and wounding more than 2,000 in 425 attacks, according to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 2001 through May 2008, Hamas launched more than 3,000 Qassam rockets and 2,500 mortar attacks into Israel.[21]
Hezbollah[edit]
President Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy show respect to the victims of 1983 barracks bombing.
Main article: Hezbollah
During the 1980s and 1990s, a wave of kidnappings, bombings, and assassinations of Western targets, particularly American and Israeli, occurred in Lebanon and other countries. The attacks, attributed to Hezbollah, have included:
- The 1982-1983 Tyre headquarters bombings
- The blowing up of a van filled with explosives in front of the U.S. embassy in Beirut killing 58 Americans and Lebanese in 1983.
- The 1983 Beirut barracks bombing of the U.S. Marine and French 'Drakkar' barracks which killed 241 American and 58 French peacekeepers. On May 30, 2003, a U.S. federal judge ruled that Hezbollah carried out the attack at the direction of the Iranian government.[22]
- The 1983 Kuwait bombings in collaboration with the Iraqi Dawa Party.[23]
- The 1984 United States embassy annex bombing, killing 24 people.[24]
- The hijacking of TWA flight 847 holding the 39 Americans on board hostage for weeks in 1985 and murder of one U.S. Navy sailor
- The Lebanon hostage crisis from 1982 to 1992.[25]
- According to Middle East analyst James Philips, an August 1989 bombing in London was a failed Hezbollah assassination attempt on Indian-born British author Salman Rushdie, after the Iranian government put a $2.5 million bounty on his head over the novel The Satanic Verses.[26][27] Iranian officials have repeatedly called for Rushdie's death as recently as 2005.[28]
- The bombing of the Israeli Embassy in Argentina killing twenty-nine people in 1992. Hezbollah operatives boasted of involvement.[29]
- The bombing of a Jewish community center in Argentina killing 85 people in 1994. Ansar Allah, a Palestinian affiliate of Hezbollah, claimed responsibility.[30] Argentine justice accused Iran of being behind the attacks because of Buenos Aires' decision to suspend a nuclear material delivery and technology transfer.[31]
- The 1994 AC Flight 901 attack, killing 21 people, in Panama. Ansar Allah, a Palestinian affiliate of Hezbollah, expressed support for the attack in a possible claim to responsibility.[32]
- The 1996 Khobar Towers bombing, killing 19 US servicemen. On December 22, 2006, federal judge Royce C. Lamberth ruled that Iran was responsible for the attack, stating "The totality of the evidence at trial...firmly establishes that the Khobar Towers bombing was planned, funded, and sponsored by senior leadership in the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The defendants' conduct in facilitating, financing, and providing material support to bring about this attack was intentional, extreme, and outrageous."[33]
- The 2012 Burgas bus bombing, killing 6, in Bulgaria.[34] Hezbollah is believed to have carried out that attack on its own accord, without any Iranian involvement or foreknowledge.[35]
Its methods include assassinations, kidnappings, suicide bombings, and guerrilla warfare. It is believed to be one of the Islamic resistance groups that made suicide bombings common use. Other attacks credited to Hezbollah include:
- Firing of hundreds of rockets into northern Israel on a daily basis and capture of Israeli soldiers in 2006.[41]
- According to a senior U.S. intelligence officer, the 2005 assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri was carried out by Hezbollah at the direction of Iranian agents.[35]
Iranian proxies killed an estimated 1,100 US troops in Iraq.[42] In addition, insurgents supported by Iran reportedly committed acts of terrorism.[35][43][44] The United States State Department states that weapons are smuggled into Iraq and used to arm Iran's allies among the Shiite militias, including those of the anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr and his Mahdi army.[45]
During his address to the United States Congress on September 11, 2007, Commanding Officer for the United States forces in Iraq, General David Petraeus noted that the multinational forces in Iraq found that Iran's Quds force had provided training, equipment, funding, and direction to Shi'ite militia groups. “When we captured the leaders of these so-called special groups … and the deputy commander of a Lebanese Hezbollah department that was created to support their efforts in Iraq, we’ve learned a great deal about how Iran has, in fact, supported these elements and how those elements have carried out violent acts against our forces, Iraqi forces and innocent civilians.”[43]
In 2015, Michael Weiss and Michael Pregent accused the Popular Mobilization Units, an organization of 40 mainly-Shi'ite militias backed by Iran, of committing extensive atrocities against Sunni civilians in the course of their war against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, including "burning people alive in their houses, playing soccer with severed human heads, and ethnically cleansing and razing whole villages to the ground." Weiss and Pregent even suggested that "Iran's Shi'ite militias aren't a whole lot better than the Islamic State."[46]
Kenya
Aggrey Adoli, police chief in Kenya's coastal region, said on 22 June 2012 that two Iranians, Ahmad Abolfathi Mohammad and Sayed Mansour Mousavi, believed to be members of Iran's Revolutionary Guards' Quds Force,[47] were arrested and suspected of being involved in terrorism. One of the Iranians led counter-terrorism officers to recover 15 kilograms of a powdery substance believed to be explosive.[48] The two Iranians allegedly admitted to plotting to attack United States, Israeli, Saudi, or British targets in Kenya.[47] In court, Police Sgt. Erick Opagal, an investigator with Kenya's Anti-Terrorism Police Unit, said that the two Iranians had shipped over 100 kilograms of powerful explosives into Kenya.[49]
It was later revealed that the targets included Gil Haskel, Israel's ambassador to Kenya. During a visit to Kenya in August, Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon praised Kenya for its efforts in stopping Iranian terror threats against Israeli and Jewish targets. Uganda, Ethiopia, and Kenya all expressed concern with Ayalon regarding Iran's attempts to increase terror activity in Africa.[50]
Argentina
Main article: AMIA bombing
On 18 July 1994, there was an attack on the Argentine Israelite Mutual Association (AMIA) building in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which killed 85 people and injured hundreds. It was Argentina's deadliest bombing ever. Argentina accused Tehran in 2006 of being behind the attacks, and indicted several senior Iranian officials, including Hashemi Rafsanjani and Ahmad Vahidi, as well as Hezbollah's Imad Mughniyah.
Thailand
Main article: 2012 Bangkok bombings
On 14 February 2012, a series of explosions occurred in Bangkok, Thailand. Thai authorities said that the bombings were a botched attempt by Iranian nationals to assassinate Israeli diplomats. Several Iranians were arrested and charged for the attacks, one of whom was badly injured.
France
In October 2018, France froze Iranian financial assets in response to an alleged bomb plot to be carried out against an opposition group at a rally in Paris. The plot was said to be against the National Council of Resistance of Iran, which styles itself as Iran's government-in-exile.[51] Assadollah Assadi, an Iranian diplomat in the Vienna embassy, was arrested in Germany in connection with the alleged plot to blow up a meeting of Iranian dissidents in Paris in June.[52]
Denmark
In October 2018, Denmark said the Iranian government intelligence service had tried to carry out a plot to assassinate an Iranian Arab opposition figure on its soil.[53] The planned assassination was of an exiled leader of the Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahvaz (ASMLA). Sweden extradited a Norwegian national of Iranian background to Denmark in connection with the foiled plot against the ASMLA leader.[52]
Alleged Al-Qaeda ties
Al-Qaeda leaders regard Shia Muslims as heretics and have attacked their mosques and gatherings.[54] In Iraq it considers Shi'i civilians to be legitimate targets for acts of violence.[55] The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by Iran and many other countries, and Iran has a hostile relationship with the group.[56] However, allegedly Al-Qaeda and Iran formed an alliance during the 1990s in which Hezbollah trained al Qaeda operatives.[57] Iran detained hundreds of al Qaeda operatives that entered the country following the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan; even though "the Iranian government has held most of them under house arrest, limited their freedom of movement, and closely monitored their activities," U.S. officials have expressed concerns that Iran has not fully accounted for their whereabouts, culminating in accusations of Iranian complicity in the 2003 Riyadh compound bombings.[56][58]
1998 United States embassy bombings
On November 8, 2011, Judge John D. Bates ruled in federal court that Iran was liable for the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. In his 45-page decision, Judge Bates wrote that "Prior to their meetings with Iranian officials and agents Bin Laden and al Qaeda did not possess the technical expertise required to carry out the embassy bombings in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam."[59]
USS Cole bombing
In March 2015, U.S. federal judge Rudolph Contreras found both Iran and Sudan complicit in the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole by al Qaeda, stating that "Iran was directly involved in establishing Al-Qaeda's Yemen network and supported training and logistics for Al-Qaeda in the Gulf region" through Hezbollah. Two previous federal judges had ruled that Sudan was liable for its role in the attack, but Contreras's "ruling is the first to find Iran partly responsible for the incident."[60]
September 11
Main article: Responsibility for the September 11 attacks
The U.S. indictment of bin Laden filed in 1998 stated that al-Qaeda "forged alliances ... with the government of Iran and its associated terrorist group Hezbollah for the purpose of working together against their perceived common enemies."[57] On May 31, 2001, Steven Emerson and Daniel Pipes wrote in The Wall Street Journal that "Officials of the Iranian government helped arrange advanced weapons and explosives training for Al-Qaeda personnel in Lebanon where they learned, for example, how to destroy large buildings."[61]
The 9/11 Commission Report stated that 8 to 10 of the hijackers on 9/11 previously passed through Iran and their travel was facilitated by Iranian border guards.[57][62] The report also found "circumstantial evidence that senior Hezbollah operatives were closely tracking the travel of some of these future muscle hijackers into Iran in November 2000."[62] After the commission called for "further investigation" into a possible Iranian role in the attacks, President George W. Bush demanded that Iran sever its ties with al-Qaeda, while saying that in his view, "There was no direct connection between Iran and the attacks of September 11."[63]
Two defectors from Iran's intelligence service testified that Iranian officials had "foreknowledge of the 9/11 attacks."[64] By contrast, the 9/11 Commission "found no evidence that Iran or Hezbollah was aware of the planning for what later became the 9/11 attack. At the time of their travel through Iran, the al Qaeda operatives themselves were probably not aware of the specific details of their future operation." In addition, both bin al-Shibh and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed denied "any relationship between the hijackers and Hezbollah" and "any other reason for the hijackers' travel to Iran" besides "taking advantage of the Iranian practice of not stamping Saudi passports."[62]
Riyadh compound bombings
According to Seth G. Jones and Peter Bergen, the 2003 Riyadh compound bombings were planned by al Qaeda operatives in Iran, with apparent Iranian complicity.[58][65] In May 2003, then-State Department official Ryan Crocker provided information on the upcoming attack to Iranian officials, who apparently took no action.[35]
Taliban insurgency
U.S. and British officials have accused Iran of giving weapons and support to the Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan.[66][67][68][69]
Cyberattacks
In October 2012, a former United States government official said that American authorities believe that Iranian hackers, who were likely supported by the Iranian government, were responsible for cyberattacks against oil and gas companies in the Persian Gulf. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta has called the cyberattacks the most destructive cyberattacks in the private sector. Another American official said that the Obama administration knows that a government was responsible for the cyberattacks, which was confirmed by American agencies investigating the cyberattacks.[70]
Just a few days after United States put Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, IRGC in Foreign Terrorist Organizations List, Instagram social media blocked accounts belonging to IRGC, and Qassem Soleimani, the then commander of the Quds force.[71]
US court judgments
On multiple occasions, US courts have awarded damages to the victims of terrorism; deemed payable by Iran on the basis that although the attacks were not directly controlled by Iran, evidence shows Iranian payments supporting these terrorist groups. There has been controversy over how to enforce these decisions in order to make Iran pay reparations.[72]
Other allegations
Along with the above allegations, Iran is also accused of other acts of terrorism. Including:
- Mykonos restaurant assassinations. On September 17, 1992, Iranian-Kurdish insurgent leaders Sadegh Sharafkandi, Fattah Abdoli, Homayoun Ardalan and their translator Nouri Dehkordi were assassinated at the Mykonos Greek restaurant in Berlin, Germany. In the Mykonos trial, the courts found Kazem Darabi, an Iranian national who worked as a grocer in Berlin, and Lebanese Abbas Rhayel, guilty of murder and sentenced them to life in prison. Two other Lebanese, Youssef Amin and Mohamed Atris, were convicted of being accessories to murder. In its 10 April 1997 ruling, the court issued an international arrest warrant for Iranian intelligence minister Hojjat al-Islam Ali Fallahian[73] after declaring that the assassination had been ordered by him with knowledge of supreme leader Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and president Ayatollah Rafsanjani.[74]
- The sponsorship of at least thirty terrorist attacks between 2011 and 2013 "in places as far flung as Thailand, New Delhi, Lagos, and Nairobi", including a 2011 plot to assassinate the Saudi Arabian ambassador to the US and bomb the Israeli and Saudi embassies in Washington, D.C.[35]
Toddsterpatriot
Diamond Member
Iraq's caretaker Prime Minister Adel Abdul-Mahdi on Sunday said that the late Iranian commander, Qasem Soleimani, had travelled to Baghdad to reach a diplomatic agreement between Saudi Arabia and Iran and to 'discuss de-escalating tensions'between the two countries.
So you were lying when you said it was to discuss a treaty with the Houthis.
Thanks. Liar.
Nostra
Diamond Member
- Oct 7, 2019
- 91,345
- 83,072
- 3,615
- Banned
- #26
And what do you worship?
Oh, yeah..... that criminal. You worship someone who is from one specific demographic, and everyone who observed him in real time was also from the same demographic, and that demographic insists
1. he was a total fraud, a man, a liar, a rapist, and a thief
2. he bilked "everything" from 5k idiots and spent it all at the brothel
3. obligated to care for 5k until death, the "Son of God" runs out of food (Loaves and Fishes)
4. when the authorities show up to "arrest" him, his 12 disciples, each of whom knows for 100% certain whether he is a fraud or not, BOLT on him. Now, if he was really the "Son of God," would they bolt? If he was a fraud and they didn't want to end up on a cross next to him, would they bolt??
You never observed any of this. You parrot a 2k year old book written by that demographic that rejects him and considers him a fraud. But, somehow, YOU think you know MORE about this guy than those who actually observed him, the ones that LOST EVERYTHING and CHEERED HIS CRUCIFIXION....
and as a follower of said book, you are obligated to.... LOL!!! SERVE those who did observe him and don't believe a word of that book.....
You are a SUB HUMAN
Your knowledge of "Jesus" is that you have a beak, a birdbrain, and precisely ZERO INTELLECT
Toddsterpatriot
Diamond Member
gipper
Diamond Member
- Jan 8, 2011
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More blow back. Thanks to Donnie and the neocons and neolibs, more Americans will die.
If only our criminal government would stop doing the bidding of the billionaire globalists, and stick to defending the homeland.
gipper
Diamond Member
- Jan 8, 2011
- 79,818
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Let’s hope they keep their heads and don’t go on a killing spree.
Terrorist, enemy soldier in a war zone, either way, it is not murder.
- Banned
- #32
We'll see. "Donnie's" enemies are a who's who of 911 traitors like John Bolton and Brennan, who want endless US war in the Middle East because they only care about Israel. Ditto for Mikey Bloomberg and Steyer. Donnie pulled out of Syria. I appreciated that. We had no business and no US national interest in Syria.
gipper
Diamond Member
- Jan 8, 2011
- 79,818
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All wrong.
How could he be the enemy when you cons keep saying we aren’t at war with Iran?
He wasn’t a terrorist either, but truth is hard for some to accept. They do tend to easily accept government propaganda though.
The Original Tree
Diamond Member
I worship NO MAN. I worship Truth and The Logos, and The 2nd Adam, The Father and The Holy Spirit.
The only people who declare other humans as subhumans and are unworthy of LIFE are Godless Socialists.
Death is The End Result of Socialism
Hitler killed 20 Million
Stalin killed 60 Million
Mao killed 100 Million
American Socialists have killed 60 Million Babies.
240 Million Killed by The Socialist Communist Cult of Death YOU BELONG To!
And let's discuss Jew Haters such as you.
The Romans killed 1 Million Jews in 70 AD
The Islamic Armenian Genocide killed 2 Million Jews in WWI
The Democrat Socialist Nazi Party killed 7 Million Jews in WWII.
The Blood of 10 Million Jews are on the hands of Anti-Semites, and you want to kill more of them? You do nothing but expedite God's delayed and patient Justice.
Socialists and Anti-Semites are liars and murderers and are of their father Satan who is The Father of Lies and was a murderer from the beginning and when he speaks, he speaks in his native language which is the language of lies, that same language that is native to you.
Now since you brought up Christ, and Him Crucified, let me tell you this. Half of the Old Testament points to prophecies about The Coming of Christ and He fulfilled every prophecy pointing to The First Coming, as Messiah Ben Joseph, the Suffering Savior who died for the sins of The World, and was Resurrected for the Glory of God and for a testament to The Truth that He was God, The Son of God.
The only remaining prophecies not fulfilled are those that talk about The End of Days, The Tribulation, God's Wrath, Judgment Day and The 2nd Coming.
Christ is Lord, and will return. Anyone who Denies Christ Denies The Father and The Father Will Deny Them.
Turn from your wicked Godless Ways before your fate is sealed if it is not sealed already.
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"you cons say"? Like that defines reality?
He was a member of an hostile enemy military in a war zone, where we are combatants, and his nation is waging war against the government and/or forces there.
- Banned
- #37
FRAUD JESUS was a MAN, nothing more. He aged like a man. He bled like a man. He died on the cross in the average time for a man to die on the cross. The blood on the Shroud of Turin is HUMAN BLOOD, no DNA present other than HUMAN.
Your "Truth" is laughable.... are stars really the same size as fig leaves?? LOL!!!
You are a PARROT. You have NO IDEA what is true and what isn't.
You are a SELF DESCRIBED SUB HUMAN, assuming one defines JEWS as HUMANS. If JEWS are HUMANS, you are SUB to Jews, since Jews are "Chosen" and you aren't. You admit you are a sub human.
I am a libertarian, and everyone on this board with an IQ over 5 knows it....
You are no better than a follower of Allah. You are just as dumb, clueless, treasonous, and completely unreliable, since you have no working brain, and can't think yourself out of a PAPER BAG, which is what all religion is, it is a PAPER BAG over the heads of
ABSOLUTE MORONS
The Original Tree
Diamond Member
Christ was Both The Son of Man, and The Son of God.
No where is there a GOD who divested Himself of all Power and Glory, Voluntarily Left Heaven and His Throne, and Left The Right Hand of His Father, and humbled Himself to be born as a man, as The Second Adam to Right The Wrongs of The First Adam who through his failure forfeited The Crown of Adam, and The Deed of Earth to Satan the god of this world and your god.
God The Son, The Son of Man, humbled Himself and fully knew that He would be destined to restrain all His Power, and All His Holy Wrath & Glory to Allow Himself to be falsely accused, arrested, humiliated, falsely convicted, tortured, whipped, spat upon, beaten and crucified with criminals per The Prophecies, and NEVER ONCE DID HE LIFT UP HIS HAND or CALL DOWN HIS HOLY ANGELS TO STOP IT.
WHY?
Because He loved even someone such as you, and The LAW STATES THE WAGES OF SIN ARE DEATH. He offered Himself as a Sinless Sacrifice to Shed His Blood on The Mercy Altar for You, as a ONE TIME PAYMENT FOREVER FOR ALL. He was the Only Solution, and The Only Victory to be had against The Gates Of Hell and against The Father of Lies.
Because Christ was Sinless, His Blood paid for the sins of ALL who would accept it. He died on The Cross, Descended in to Hell, Took The Crown of Adam, The Deed To The Earth, and The Keys To Hell, and WAS Resurrected and appeared on Earth to Many Witnesses and Then Ascended in To Heaven Until The Day Of His 2nd Coming.
God Permits you to reject Him. He cannot Force you to Love Him, but you cannot also Force your way to Heaven. If you Love Not God, You have No Party in God.
You spend eternity where your heart is.
And for you presently, that is with Sin, Darkness, Gnashing of Teeth, and in the Pit of Hell where the Worm Dieth Not, Where The Flames are Quenched Not, and where Chaos, Suffering, Torment And Evil Never End.
Do you know what The Scroll is That The Lamb of God Unseals in Heaven when The Trumpet Blows, and The 7 Vile Judgment, 7 Seal Judgments, and 7 Bowl Judgments are pronounced on Earth and it's wicked inhabitants? Read about that Scroll in The Book of Revelation.
That Scroll In The Book of Revelation IS The Deed To Earth, whom Christ Defeated Satan for, and who won it back as The 2nd Adam for The 1st Adam who Forfeited it.
So The History of Earth Comes Full Circle from where it started. As all things do WITH GOD.
After Judgment Day, The Earth is burnt up, and Reborn and restored to The Garden of Eden, and No One Who Is NOT BORN AGAIN, and who does NOT accept that Gift can ever enter Heaven nor walk In The Garden of Eden after the Judgment and The 2nd Return of Christ.
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- Banned
- #39
You say he was "sinless"
You PARROT that from a BOOK
Those whose ancestors actually observed him, tried him, and convicted him disagree.
They say he bilked 5k people out of everything and spent it at the BROTHEL.
I'll lean to the side of those who actually observed, because when it comes to choosing between
THOSE WHO ACTUALLY OBSERVED
BEAKED BIRDBRAINS WHO PARROT AND HAVE NO OTHER EVIDENCE OTHER THAN A BEAK AND A BIRDBRAIN
I'll give more credibility to those who actually observed....
This is what happens when you give the New Testament to the Jews in Israel, the descendants of those who actually were there....
Hundreds of New Testaments torched in Israel - CNN.com
Police in Israel are investigating the burning of hundreds of New Testaments in a city near Tel Aviv, an incident that has alarmed advocates of religious freedom.
Investigators plan to review photographs and footage showing "a fairly large" number of New Testaments being torched this month in the city of Or-Yehuda, a police spokesman, Micky Rosenfeld, said Wednesday.
News accounts in Israel have quoted Uzi Aharon, the deputy mayor of Or-Yehuda, as saying he organized students who burned several hundred copies of the New Testament.
and that is just how dumb someone has to be to believe the New Testament....
The Jews STILL HATE THAT THIEVING RAPING FRAUDULENT FUCKHEAD.....
so true----he died a great hero
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