First, thanks for reminding me of my error (typo?) on that "2,500 years ago". Should have been more like about 6,000 years ago +/-; about 4000 B.C.E.; after Abraham made his pact with YHWH and took his Tribe(Clan) from Ur (ancient Sumeria) to that Eastern shore of the Mediterranean, the Levant. The so-called "Promised Land" which Abraham's "People"~Tribe~Clan were to settle to fulfill "God's" Command.
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
The episode with "Sargon2" happens about 1,300 years later, c. 722-705 B.C.
en.wikipedia.org
Note that the "Babylonian Exile" occurred centuries after the "Egyptian Exile" and Moses; about 13th century BCE, +/-.
...
Generally, the majority of scholars see the biblical Moses as a
legendary figure, whilst retaining the possibility that Moses or a Moses-like figure existed in the 13th century BCE.
[14][15][16][17][18] Rabbinical Judaism calculated a lifespan of Moses corresponding to 1391–1271 BCE;
[19] Jerome suggested 1592 BCE,
[20] and
James Ussher suggested 1571 BCE as his birth year.
[21][note 2]
...
en.wikipedia.org
Also note that Babylon was a successor state to Akkad, which was a successor state to Sumer.
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
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I used "Arab/Muslim" because many people conflate the two and don't know the nuances involved. For instance, Mohammad 'founded' Islam to provide his "people" (ethnic) - Arabs with a religion tailored to their needs to have unity to contend with then Western powers such as Byzantine.
en.wikipedia.org
As such, Islam contains some aspects more unique to Arab culture/ethnicity than to the Judaeo~Christian predecessors which Mohammad tried to link it to. Such as the practice of pederasty.
As for your second paragraph/sentence --- First, a reminder than by most definitions I'd be considered an agnostic, if not an atheist. So for a start you might present you definition/concept of "God" before I could consider answering your questions on first century setbacks for the Jews or the 20th Century Holocaust.
My personal beliefs on this and many related matters entail the concept of "(ET) Intervention Theory" and would include the Jewish people/religion (along with all other religions, etc.) as one of many manipulations by the Anunnaki as presented in my thread;
The Geminga Scenario