Thank you GC, you are a wealth of information and I will read it all, HOWEVER the founding fathers DID NOT use the term ESTABLISHMENT in the first amendment....
(I really DO NOT want Teacher lead prayer, I am just trying to argue the argument)
And one has to also wonder why it took nearly 200 years of our existence as a country for this to be an issue...for it to be challenged.
For your last question, I'm not sure that it wasn't challenged at some level. I'm not ambitious enough to go through all of the District and Circuit Court rulings to find out for sure, sorry!But, it was not heard by SCOTUS. I would surmise cultural elements played a role, much the same way as Jim Crow was tolerated for so long in part due to cultural rather than sound legal concerns and for much the same reason. But that's only speculation.
First Amendment text:
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Bill of Rights | LII / Legal Information Institute
What exactly does "establishment" mean, and then what precisely does it mean to "respect an establishment" of religion? This is where your differing views come in, depending on your choice of secondary source.
oh crud, TFA does say establishment and not established.... I got twisted around for a minute or 2....![]()
I guess it depends...How about this as a counter argument... by using the word AN establishment of religion means that establishment is a NOUN, a physical "church" or institution of worship or religion so to say...
and not a verb, and if it said 'establishing or establishes' then it would mean what you say, but since it clearly uses an establishMENT, it is speaking of a physical object, an institution, an establishment of religion or a church or a synagogue or a temple....etc?![]()
I get what you're saying. But if we're going to parse the language it says "respecting an establishment of religion", you have to take the gerund phrase in its entirety.
What is meant by "respecting an establishment of religion" as used here? Does it mean simply not to establish an official State religion, as the narrow common law view would dictate? Or does it mean to stay away from the trappings of establishment altogether (coercion, support of one religion over another, etc.) even if it doesn't go so far as to establish an official State religion?
The former doesn't make a lot of sense to me since it would only restrict the form and not the substance. Congress would still be able to enact everything but the formal declaration of a State religion, how is that a protection?