The reason for President Eisenhower's military/industrial complex warning in his farewell address was not theory. Eisenhower's finest moment, Detente with the Soviet Union as he was leaving office was destroyed by the CIA.
THE SABOTAGING OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY
by L. Fletcher Prouty
In 1960, the Secret Team, terrified that President Eisenhower was coming to terms with the USSR, resolved that there must be no peace. A surefire plan was needed to destruct the upcoming summit conference. What better way to show American bad faith than by arranging for a US "spy" plane to be forced down over the USSR on the Russian's most important national holiday.
President Eisenhower looked forward to visiting the Soviet Union during May of 1960, along with increasing the level of dialogue with Premier Krushchev regarding implementation of a genuine halt to the arms race. His Crusade for Peace was intended to reach a new level of understanding ushered in with the planned meeting in Paris on May 16, followed by a tour of Russia many expected to be a resounding success for both sides. Charles Bohlen (Russian ambassador from 4/53 to 12/56) recalls, "I was certainly enthusiastic about Eisenhower's scheduled trip to the Soviet Union. Eisenhower was not only a President, he was also a war hero. The Russians would have loved him." [Witness to History, p.462]
But despite all the effort and planning the President of the United States was pinning his forty-five years of government service on the successful outcome of, he found himself outmatched by a very tight-knit group of people operating within the newly-birthed powers of the National Security State complex. When, in his farewell address, he spoke of "guard[ing] against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex", he was not describing some abstract concept about what might lie ahead -- he was going as far as he dared in speaking publicly about his own painful experiences. When he stated "the potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist" he was alluding to his own ordeal of crushed hopes for a better world for all.
The urgency of these words -- to take nothing for granted, to call for an alert and knowledgeable citizenry as the only protection against an unwarranted and unaccountable exercising of power, "to compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals" -- these words were spoken by a man who, although Commander-In-Chief, and "leader of the free world," was not truly the one deciding what agendas the United States would pursue and who would benefit by those agendas.
...
But in 1960 when President Eisenhower launched his Crusade for Peace to bring about a lasting detente with the Soviet Union, one U-2 airplane, one pilot, and the invisible enemy shattered his dream. That U-2, flown into the USSR on May 1, 1960 by Francis Gary Powers was not on a spy mission as had been alleged. It was launched for the sole purpose of destroying whatever chance there was for peace. It was the weapon of the war lovers -- the missile of the industrial complex.
Ike learned what other world leaders have learned: it is easier to wage war than to make peace. In war the enemy is visible, and he is usually on the other side.
"The Sabotaging of the American Presidency" -- the U-2 debacle by L. Fletcher Prouty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leroy Fletcher Prouty (January 24, 1917 – June 5, 2001) served as Chief of Special Operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff under President John F. Kennedy. A former colonel in the United States Air Force.
From 1955–1964 he was assigned to U.S. Air Force Headquarters where he directed the creation of an Air Force worldwide system for "Military Support of the Clandestine Operations of the CIA", as required by a new National Security Council Directive, 5412 of March, 1954. As a result of a CIA Commendation for this work he was awarded the Legion of Merit by the US Air Force, and was promoted to Colonel being assigned to the Office of the Secretary of Defense.