http://www.rug.nl/research/ocean-ecosystems/publications/artikelen/roboplantecol1822006.pdf
A vegetation, climate and environment reconstruction based on palynological
analyses of high arctic tundra peat cores (5000 –6000 years BP) from Svalbard
J. Rozema1,*, P. Boelen1, M. Doorenbosch1, S. Bohncke2, P. Blokker1, C. Boekel1,
R. A. Broekman1 and M. Konert1
Peat formation in polar regions is much slower
than at lower latitudes, since tundra plant growth
is limited to a short and cold arctic summer.
However melt and rainwater in the soil above the
omnipresent permafrost layer at the depth of
10 –100 cm (Rønning 1996) helps to preserve dead
plant material. Once dead plant material has left
the active layer and forms part of the permafrost,
microbial and chemical decay is very slow or
absent, and preservation of organic plant matter
including pollen and spores is optimal.
In August 2000 a core was collected near Ny
A ˚lesund (78 N, 11 E) (Figures 2, 4b). The average
temperature for Ny A ˚ lesund in February, the
coldest month, is c. )15.0 C. In July, which commonly
is the warmest month, the average temperature
is c. +5.0 C. The core (Figures 2, 4, 6) taken
with a stainless steel corer, had a diameter of 40 mm
and was 9.7 cm deep. The lithology is as follows:
0 –3.8 cm: fresh moss peat, 3.8 –6.0 cm: strongly
humified peat, 6.0 –9.7 cm: silt.
Peat material for 14C dating was taken at 5.8 –
5.7 cm below the top of the core and was dated
280±45 BP, indicating an age of 490 BP (1460
AD), (BP Before Present is standardized at AD
1950) , for the lower part (9.7 cm) of the core. The
core was collected on a sun exposed dry arctic
heather site dominated by Cassiope tetragona with
a Salix polaris understorey
GrN-28890
4670±60 BP 3517 –3482 cal BC
Blomstrand 3479 –3369 cal BC
Collected July 2002
GrN-28891
5710±150 BP 4718 –4443 cal BC
Stuphallet 4421 –4395 cal BC
Collected July 2002 4387 –4371 cal BC
collected
GrA-20057
280±45 BP 1521 –1579 AD
Ny A ˚ lesund 1583 –1594 AD
Collected August 2000 1619 –1558 AD
GrA-20058
101±6 BP 1689 –1731 AD
Ny A ˚ lesund 1808 –1826 AD
Collected August 2000 1829 –1892 AD
1908 –1924 AD