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Answer (1 of 3): Sure. The most prominent example is the domestic horse, whose chromosome 5 is the result of the fusion of chromosomes 23 and 24 in Przewalski's horse, its immediate ancestor. Horse Domestication and Conservation Genetics of Przewalski's Horse Inferred from Sex Chromosomal and Au...
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Is there any evidence of chromosome fusion in any other species?
2 Answers
David Rosen
, Invented biological detector.
Answered 1 year ago· Author has 1.8K answers and 928.9K answer views
Evidence that it occurred in the ancestors of six different species of waterbugs
Link
Chromosomal distribution of interstitial telomeric sequences as signs of evolution through chromosome fusion in six species of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera, Belostoma)
Evidence it occurred in both naturally in Lepidoptera, as well as radiation induced fusion.
Telomeric and interstitial telomeric sequences in holokinetic chromosomes of Lepidoptera: Telomeric DNA mediates association between postpachytene bivalents in achiasmatic meiosis of females
Postman butterflies. Some of this may overlap the last link.
Synteny and Chromosome Evolution in the Lepidoptera: Evidence From Mapping in Heliconius melpomene
Fruit flies of the Drosophila
Telomere fusion in Drosophila: The role of subtelomeric chromatin
Flowers
Identification of chromosomal fusion sites in Arabidopsis mutants using sequential bicolour BAC-FISH.
Rodents
Evolutionary Conservation of Whole Homeologous Chromosome Arms in the Akodont Rodents Bolomys and Akodon (Muridae, Sigmodontinae): Maintenance of Interstitial Telomeric Segments (ITBs) in Recent Event of Centric Fusion
To explain the karyotypic differentiation of the species, tandem and centric fusions, pericentric inversions, loss of telomeres and centromeres are required.
Rodents again
http://dmm.biologists.org/content/dmm/10/10/1165.full.pdf
And yet again
A comparative study of the chromosomes of rodents
Chromosome fusion is just a special case of translocation, where one of the product fragments is very small. So the question comes up how often translocation occurs, with or without chromosome fusion. The long chromosome has to contain two centromeres in order for the offspring to survive. Translocation mutations occur quite a bit.
Robertsonian translocation - Wikipedia
Joshua Engel
, worked at The Rude Mechanicals
Answered 8 years ago· Upvoted by
Suzanne Sadedin
, Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from Monash University · Author has 12.8K answers and 64.7M answer views
Sure. The most prominent example is the domestic horse, whose chromosome 5 is the result of the fusion of chromosomes 23 and 24 in Przewalski's horse, its immediate ancestor.
Horse Domestication and Conservation Genetics of Przewalski's Horse Inferred from Sex Chromosomal and Autosomal Sequences
Equids of all sorts (donkeys, zebras, horses) have a number of examples of fusions, fissions, and inversions of chromosomes, remaining somewhat interfertile but often producing infertile offspring.
There are other examples observed in domesticated animals (cows, sheep) and in laboratory mice. Those happen to be the ones with the most closely observed chromosomes.
Survival of Chromosomal Changes
Plus, of course, the ubiquitous fruit fly, which has some really wild fusions between autosomes and allosomes: