So Rabbi says:
We did not have public education in this country until the mid 19th century. And we did just fine.
You are wrong about public education, of course. It did exist prior to the mid 1800's.
1647
The General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony decrees that every town of fifty families should have an elementary school and that every town of 100 families should have a Latin school. The goal is to ensure that Puritan children learn to read the Bible and receive basic information about their Calvinist religion.
1779
Thomas Jefferson proposes a two-track educational system, with different tracks in his words for "the laboring and the learned." Scholarship would allow a very few of the laboring class to advance, Jefferson says, by "raking a few geniuses from the rubbish."
1785
The Continental Congress (before the U.S. Constitution was ratified) passes a law calling for a survey of the "Northwest Territory" which included what was to become the state of Ohio. The law created "townships," reserving a portion of each township for a local school. From these "land grants" eventually came the U.S. system of "land grant universities," the state public universities that exist today. Of course in order to create these townships, the Continental Congress assumes it has the right to give away or sell land that is already occupied by Native people.
1790
Pennsylvania state constitution calls for free public education but only for poor children. It is expected that rich people will pay for their children's schooling.
1805
New York Public School Society formed by wealthy businessmen to provide education for poor children. Schools are run on the "Lancasterian" model, in which one "master" can teach hundreds of students in a single room. The master gives a rote lesson to the older students, who then pass it down to the younger students. These schools emphasize discipline and obedience qualities that factory owners want in their workers.
1817
A petition presented in the Boston Town Meeting calls for establishing of a system of free public primary schools. Main support comes from local merchants, businessmen and wealthier artisans. Many wage earners oppose it, because they don't want to pay the taxes.
1820
First public high school in the U.S., Boston English, opens.
1827
Massachusetts passes a law making all grades of public school open to all pupils free of charge.
Applied Research Center - Historical Timeline of Public Education in the US
And you sounded so sure of yourself. Not that the 1850's have a lot to do with today. We were a primarily agrarian economy. You could get by pretty well without education. No aeronautical engineers needed. No software developers. Etc, etc. Or had you not noticed.
England worked about the same.
As what? As the US did, or as you think the us did?
You would be wrong again. Public education in england has been going on longer than in the US, and has been more widespread. Sorry, very little private education there, except for the wealthy.
On the flip side, the cultural differences between the US and, e.g. Singapore are so huge you cannot attribute academic performance solely to their educational system.
Who said solely. But it is not just Singapore. There is Germany, France, the UK, Spain, France, portugal, and a number of others with better systems. All predominately public systems.
Who told you that you had the authority to determine who wins or looses. You should be very, very angry with them. Because they lied to you.