The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of Morocco, western Algeria, Western Sahara, Mauritania, the Iberian Peninsula, Septimania, Sicily and Malta.
The Moors invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 and called the territory Al-Andalus, an area which at different times comprised Gibraltar, most of Spain and Portugal, and parts of France. There was also a Moorish presence in what is now southern Italy, primarily in Sicily. They occupied Mazara on Sicily in 827[1] and in 1224 were expelled to the settlement of Lucera, which was destroyed in 1300. The religious difference of the Moorish Muslims led to a centuries-long conflict with the Christian kingdoms of Europe called the Reconquista. The Fall of Granada in 1492 saw the end of the Muslim rule in Iberia.
Depiction of 3 Moorish knights found on Alhambra's Ladies Tower
(
abu afak Note: Hmmm, they look about as Black as Osama bin Laden with no sun!)
Castillian ambassadors attempting to convince Almohad king Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada to join their alliance (contemporary depiction from The Cantigas de Santa Maria)
The term "Moors" has also been used in Europe in a broader sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or African descent, whether living in Spain or North Africa.
During the colonial years the Dutch introduced the name "Moor", in Sri Lanka. The Bengali Muslims were called Moor. [2]
Moors are NOT a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans
applied the name to the Berbers, North African Arabs, Muslim Iberians[3] and West Africans from Mali and Niger who had been absorbed into the Almoravid dynasty.[4]
The Moors of al-Andalus of the late Medieval after the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century
were initially Arabs and Berbers but later came to include people of mixed heritage, and Iberian Christian converts to Islam, known by the Arabs as Muwalladun or Muladi.[5]
Earlier, the Classical Romans interacted with (and later conquered) parts of
Mauretania, a state that covered Northern portions of modern Morocco and much of north western and central Algeria during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as the
Mauri. Today such groups inhabit Mauritania and parts of Algeria, Western Sahara, Morocco, Niger and Mali.[6] In the languages of Europe, a number of associated ethnic groups have been historically designated as "Moors". In modern Iberian Peninsula, "Moor" is sometimes colloquially applied to any person from North Africa, but some people consider this usage of the term pejorative, whether in the Spanish version "moro", or in the Portuguese version "mouro".
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