Holocaust History

[Sixties Fan]

Kristallnacht, literally, "Night of Crystal," is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass." The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms which took place on November 9 and 10, 1938, throughout Germany and Austria.

USHMM Further Information on Krisallnacht

Yad Vashem Kristallnacht Educational Resources

LibGuides: History: The Holocaust: Timeline and History of the Holocaust

Guide for Library Research on The Holocaust

guides.lib.jjay.cuny.edu

 

[Sixties Fan]

The Auschwitz concentration camp complex was the largest of its kind established by the Nazi regime. It included three main camps, all of which deployed incarcerated prisoners at forced labor. One of them also functioned for an extended period as a killing center. The camps were located approximately 37 miles west of Krakow in German Occupied Poland.

Auschwitz contained the facilities for a killing center. It played a central role in the German plan to kill the Jews of Europe. During the summer and autumn of 1941, Zyklon B gas was introduced into the German concentration camp system as a means for murder. Gas chamber went into operation in January 1942 and operated through the fall of 1944. Four large crematorium buildings were constructed between March and June 1943. Gassing operations continued at Auschwitz-Birkenau until November 1944.

On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army entered Auschwitz and liberated around 7,000 remaining prisoners, most of whom were ill and dying. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people to Auschwitz complex between 1940 and 1945. Of these, the camp authorities murdered 1.1 million.

USHMM Information on Auschwitz

The Auschwitz Album (Yad Vashem)

LibGuides: History: The Holocaust: Timeline and History of the Holocaust

Guide for Library Research on The Holocaust

guides.lib.jjay.cuny.edu

 

[Sixties Fan]

Many Jews in ghettos across eastern Europe tried to organize resistance against the Germans and to arm themselves with smuggled and homemade weapons. Between 1941 and 1943, underground resistance movements formed in about 100 Jewish groups. The most famous attempt by Jews to resist the Germans in armed fighting occurred in the Warsaw ghetto.

In the summer of 1942, about 300,000 Jews were deported from Warsaw to Treblinka. When reports of mass murder in the killing center leaked back to the Warsaw ghetto, a surviving group of mostly young people formed an organization called the Z.O.B. (for the Polish name, Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa, which means Jewish Fighting Organization). The Z.O.B., led by 23-year-old Mordecai Anielewicz. Another group formed an organization as well called Z.Z.W (for the Polish name, Zydowski Zwaizek Wojskowy, which means Jewish MIlitary Union). Although initially there was tension between the ZOB and the ZZW, both groups decided to work together to oppose German attempts to destroy the ghetto. At the time of the uprising, the ZOB had about 500 fighters in its ranks and the ZZW had about 250.

On April 19, 1943, the Warsaw ghetto uprising began after German troops and police entered the ghetto to deport its surviving inhabitants. Seven hundred and fifty fighters fought the heavily armed and well-trained Germans. The ghetto fighters were able to hold out for nearly a month, but on May 16, 1943, the revolt ended. The Germans had slowly crushed the resistance. Of the more than 56,000 Jews captured, about 7,000 were shot, and the remainder were deported to camps.

USHMM Encyclopedia on The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

USHMM The Holocaust: A Learning Site for Students: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Yad Vashem Combat and Resistance The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

LibGuides: History: The Holocaust: Timeline and History of the Holocaust

Guide for Library Research on The Holocaust

guides.lib.jjay.cuny.edu

 

[Sixties Fan]

On January 20, 1942, 15 high-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to discuss and coordinate the implementation of what they called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question." At some still undetermined time in 1941, Hitler authorized this European-wide scheme for mass murder. SS General Reinhard Heydrich, the chief of the Reich Security Main Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt-RSHA) convened the Wannsee Conference (1) to inform and secure support from government ministries and other interested agencies relevant to the implementation of the “Final Solution,” and (2) to disclose to the participants that Hitler himself had tasked Heydrich and the RSHA with coordinating the operation. The men at the table did not deliberate whether such a plan should be undertaken, but instead discussed the implementation of a policy decision that had already been made at the highest level of the Nazi regime.

USHMM Wannsee Conference

Yad Vashem Wannsee Conference

LibGuides: History: The Holocaust: Timeline and History of the Holocaust

Guide for Library Research on The Holocaust

guides.lib.jjay.cuny.edu

 

[Sixties Fan]

A massive Soviet 1944 summer offensive in eastern Belarus annihilated German Army Group Center and permitted Soviet forces to overrun the first of the major Nazi concentration camps Majdanek. Shortly after that offensive, SS chief (Reichsfuehrer SS) Heinrich Himmler ordered that prisoners in all concentration camps and subcamps be evacuated toward the interior of the Reich. SS authorities did not want prisoners to fall into enemy hands alive to tell their stories to Allied and Soviet liberators.

USHMM Encyclopedia Entry on Death Marches

Map of Death Marches

LibGuides: History: The Holocaust: Timeline and History of the Holocaust

Guide for Library Research on The Holocaust

guides.lib.jjay.cuny.edu

 

[Sixties Fan]

Jews were the main targets of the Holocaust but they were not the only group that the Nazis persecuted in Germany and in German-occupied Europe. Nazis also persecuted and killed members of other groups. The Nazis also acted against Gypsies (also called Roma and Sinti), as well as Slavs, Homosexuals, and the Disabled. Below you can find links to information about the experience of those groups in the Holocaust.


USHMM: Mosaic of Victims

USHMM: Blacks during the Holocaust

Anne Frank Guide: The persecution of the Roma and Sinti

USHMM: Mentally and Physically Handicaped Victims of the Nazis

Yad Vashem: Non-Jewish Victims of Persecution by Nazi Germany

USHMM: Persecution of Homosexuals during the Holocaust Exhibition

LibGuides: History: The Holocaust: Timeline and History of the Holocaust

Guide for Library Research on The Holocaust

guides.lib.jjay.cuny.edu

 

[Sixties Fan]

[ Events in Pictures ]

The history of the Holocaust is complex and vast. While The Holocaust Explained is not able to cover every aspect of Holocaust history, it does seek to aid understanding and help learners to navigate through the sequence of events. This timeline aims to take readers through the main events preceding, during, and following the Holocaust.

Events in the history of the Holocaust – The Holocaust Explained: Designed for schools

www.theholocaustexplained.org

 

[Sixties Fan]

A three-part movie from award-winning American documentary filmmaker Ken Burns about the role the US played before, during and after the Holocaust is scheduled to premiere in September on PBS.

“The US and the Holocaust” is inspired partly by an exhibit at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, “Americans and the Holocaust.” The film examines the US government’s response to the Holocaust as it unfolded in Europe and the controversies surrounding its decisions — including the discussion about whether the Allies should have bombed the Auschwitz concentration camp, and an incident in which more than 900 Jewish refugees aboard the MS St. Louis were denied entry to Cuba and the US in 1939, forcing them to return to Europe.

The documentary will also explore the rise of Hitler and Nazism in Germany in relation to global antisemitism and racism, and American policy on topics like race laws in the south, the anti-immigration views of former US President Calvin Coolidge, and the Lend-Lease bill, which allowed the US to supply military aid to its foreign allies during World War II.

The film, written by Geoffrey Ward, will be directed and produced by Burns alongside Lynn Novick and Sarah Botstein, who is making her directorial debut on the project. Narrators will include Liam Neeson, Matthew Rhys, Helena Zengel, Paul Giamatti, Meryl Streep, Werner Herzog, Joe Morton and Hope Davis.
-----
“The US and the Holocaust” will premiere September 18-20 on PBS and be distributed internationally by PBS International. It will be available to stream for free on all PBS platforms.

(full article online)

Acclaimed Filmmaker Ken Burns Focuses New Documentary on US Role, Response to Holocaust - Algemeiner.com

A three-part movie from award-winning American documentary filmmaker Ken Burns about the role the US played before, during and after the Holocaust is scheduled to premiere in September on PBS. "The US and the Holocaust" is inspired partly by an exhibit at the United States Holocaust Memorial...

www.algemeiner.com

 

[Hang on Sloopy]

I am not sure that it is actually FORBIDDEN. It is
glossed over by teachers and professors. Another
"personal anecdote" ---my college prof. in
the obligatory freshman "development of western
civ." class was a UKRANIAN CHRISTIAN---his
singular interest was the murder by Stalin of
the christian Kulaks. If I had not had jews as
relatives----I would not have known of the
vicious antisemitism of the Ukranians and in
many cases their "LOVING FRIENDSHIP" and
cooperation with the invading Nazi army

Thank You for that very introspective and personal posts

A Kulak meant you had 2 cows. You were wealthty....My Lord

 

[Sixties Fan]

PBS showing Holocaust programs right now.

 

[Sixties Fan]

From all I have posted, who has learned something they did not know before?

Any questions?

 

[Sixties Fan]

This Iron Cross and photograph are part of the Simon Wiesenthal Center's archival holdings.

On April 29, 1945 Dachau Concentration Camp was liberated by American solders.

Native Americans Bennett Freeny and his identical twin brother Benjamin were born on January 21, 1922 in Caddo, Oklahoma. The Freeny family is of Chickasaw and Choctaw descent. Bennett was a medic with the 45th (Thunderbird) Infantry Division of the U.S. Army, one of the first units to enter Dachau Concentration Camp, where they helped liberate tens of thousands of prisoners. Bennett Freeny stripped a German officer of this Iron Cross* (pictured right) shortly after the liberation of Dachau Concentration Camp. Fellow soldier Ace Caldwell, who witnessed the incident, sent this account to Bennett’s daughter: “… Bennett and I were both medics with the 45th and we encountered a great many prisoners who had contracted Typhoid and other ailments, and even more who had been starved … We were very disheartened by the condition of these poor souls and still enraged by the evil and carnage we had encountered liberating the camp. A German SS officer walked through as though still in command and eyed us arrogantly and with a sort of sneer. Your dad stood, walked up to him and pulled out his knife. A couple of our boys stood by and prevented the officer from moving. Your father, one at a time, cut his medals and insignias off his uniform – Death Head, Edelweiss insignia, various patches and came to the Iron Cross hanging around his neck. Bennett grabbed it, cut the ribbon, and said ‘this is the sign of a hero – there are no heroes here’ and stuffed all the medals and patches in his pocket. A few of the prisoners who were able, clapped. We were young men who had a lifetime of horror and violence visited upon us by age 23. None of us would ever be the same, but that day your father was bigger than life…”

 

[Hang on Sloopy]

Yeah, you keep telling yourself that... I've been hearing that shit since 2000....

And the numbers stay the same.

LOLOL.....................Boy you live in a cave....lolol.......................Disinformation of the fucking brain

On topic the whole worlds refusal to take the Jews in sealed their fate. That is what really happened

 

[irosie91]

Thank You for that very introspective and personal posts

A Kulak meant you had 2 cows. You were wealthty....My Lord

I am a kulak in my city----I have a house---not much of a yard but
I do grow coriander some years

 

[Viktor]

Napoleon did eventually want Jews to convert to Christianity.

Napoleon was an atheist

 

[Hang on Sloopy]

I am a kulak in my city----I have a house---not much of a yard but
I do grow coriander some years

They want that house to be theirs...lololol

Imperial Russia was just as anti semetic. Though they did not approve of wholesale slaughter, they turned their head when small uprisings and violence happened here and there

All the troubles facing Russia were the, "Yids fault" the Czars would claim...Orthodox Christians to boot

They should have a mini-series............................What if Stalin went to Harlem? ...He'd have that place in line in a week

 

[Indeependent]

Napoleon was an atheist

He wanted Jews to convert.

 

[Sixties Fan]

They want that house to be theirs...lololol

Imperial Russia was just as anti semetic. Though they did not approve of wholesale slaughter, they turned their head when small uprisings and violence happened here and there

All the troubles facing Russia were the, "Yids fault" the Czars would claim...Orthodox Christians to boot

They should have a mini-series............................What if Stalin went to Harlem? ...He'd have that place in line in a week

Cough. !! Cough !!!!

Holocaust. !!!!

 

[Indeependent]

They want that house to be theirs...lololol

Imperial Russia was just as anti semetic. Though they did not approve of wholesale slaughter, they turned their head when small uprisings and violence happened here and there

All the troubles facing Russia were the, "Yids fault" the Czars would claim...Orthodox Christians to boot

They should have a mini-series............................What if Stalin went to Harlem? ...He'd have that place in line in a week

Respect the OP and stock to the Holocaust.

 

[Sixties Fan]

He wanted Jews to convert.

Where did you get this idea?