That's not entirely true.
Black voters began leaving the Republican Party after the 1877 Compromise due to the end of Reconstruction, which allowed Southern Democrats to regain control and systematically disenfranchise Black citizens through violence and voter suppression. Federal troops were withdrawn, leaving Black Republicans vulnerable.
Key factors for this shift include:
- The Compromise of 1877: The end of Reconstruction (1877) withdrew federal protection for Black voters in the South, enabling Southern Democrats to take control.
- Voter Suppression: Southern states implemented poll taxes, literacy tests, and violence to suppress the Black vote, effectively ending Black political power in the region.
- Physical Intimidation: Violence and intimidation by Democrats against Black Republicans during elections, particularly around 1874-1877, forced them away from the party.
While some Black voters remained with the Republican Party, the mass shift began with the betrayal of Reconstruction-era protections,
as detailed by the National Museum of African American History and Culture and History.com.