You are missing something important. Greece does not have the ability to default. Not in the way Germany did, or any other country that has defaulted.
The German defaults were on bonds owed to private companies and individuals. The Greeks owe governments money.
Forgive me for this poor analogy. It's similar to the difference of having a bank loan, or private loan of some sort, and having a Federally Insured student loan.
With the private loan, you can make the choice to default, and intentionally force your creditors to restructure the debt. That's what "strategic default" is all about. And the reason why you can do this, is because there is an authority above the creditors, namely the Government, which will arbitrate between you and the creditors.
But what if the creditor *IS* the arbiter? What if the there is no authority over your creditor? Who arbitrates between you and the government, when there is no higher authority government?
This is why you pay back 100% of a Federally Insured student loan. You will either pay back every penny with interest, that you borrowed under a Federal Guarantee, or you will carry that debt until you die.
Back to Greece.
If you look at the chart on page 1 of this thread, only about 22% (roughly) of Greece's debt, is owed to private institutions, the majority of which is owed to public within Greece. Defaulting on pensioners and unions, and voting citizens would be horrific politically, but worse, it wouldn't solve the problem.
78% of Greece's debt is to other GOVERNMENTs. It's not bankruptable.
The IMF is not bankruptable. The ECB is not bankruptable. The Eurozone is not bankruptable.
Greece has absolutely no way of forcing the IMF, ECB, or the EU, or any of it's governmental creditors to take a hair cut on their debt. Not even if they ditch the Euro, and start over with their own currency.
Starting over with the Drachma again, doesn't make the debts they owe any less. They would still owe everyone billions of Euros of debt.
They would still owe everyone, everything they currently do, but the economic consequences would be horrendous.
Tariffs on exported and imported goods. Cost of living would drastically increase throughout Greece, as retail prices jumped by at least 1/3rd, if not more.
The drachma would drop in value like a rock. Investments would leave the country, as would jobs.
The economic crash in Greece after being forced out of the EU, would make the economic recession they have dealt with up till now, look like a bad hair day.
Ditching the Euro, and leaving the EU, would simply make paying back the debt even more difficult, because they would have to purchase Euros, to pay back the debt owed in Euros, with Drachma.... which would fall in value you like a rock.
Honestly, it's hard to imagine what possible bright side would result from this course of action.
The countries could of course keep the debt on their books as you say, ...but Greece doesnt have to pay it either.
and the low value of the drachma would pump up one of Greece's main industries ....tourism.
Yes and no.
Greece can't directly be forced to pay back the debts, no. But, Argentina keeps trying to avoid paying it's debts, and every single time they refuse to pay, their interest rates jack up, and currency values drop, and the country goes into recession. Just look at their economic history, it's a roller-coaster of crash rise crash rise. If that's what you are willing to deal with, to avoid paying the debts you owe... fine... but just understand, you will reap the consequences of actions.
It would pump up tourism.... in theory. Yes. Because the Drachma would drop in value you like a rock, and that would allow Europeans to exchange 1 Euro for 10 Drachma (or other massive exchange rate), and then renting a room for 100 Euros today, would cost 100 Drachma, which after exchange would be 10 Euro.
But here's the problem.... The wages for the staff at the Hotel would be in Drachma. So while the business might be booming, the employees would actually be taking a pay cut. If they are earning 10 Euros an hour before, now they're earning 10 Drachma an hour, and it costs them twice as much to buy food, fuel, clothing and goods.
The rest of the industry in Greece would be wiped out though. If I make tires in Greece, and now it costs me twice as much to buy material to run my business, not to mention import and export duties, and then on top of that, all other countries are putting custom duties and tariffs on my products I'm trying to sell.... cost of doing business goes up, purchases of my products goes down.... that's called "fail".
My understanding of one of the south American nations that defaulted was that they were doing pretty good....until some hedge funders in US started harassing them in the courts after buying up the debt pennies on the dollar....
It doesn't necessarily cost twice as much for food etc if they produce that themselves.
Why would other countries put custom duties and tariffs on?...especially if they are now trying to sell into broke Greece, when they previously sold into a subsidized Greece.
No doubt it will be tough for a while in some areas,....but the market will eventually even things out.
The moment they are no longer part of the EU, automatically, there would be tariffs and import duties on goods entering the EU, just like goods imported into the US have tariffs and import duties.
The only reason some goods have zero duties and tariffs, is because we sign a free-trade agreement.
For Greece to do this, they would have to go negotiate a treaty with the EU........ the same EU they just defaulted on..... Do you really really think that those negotiations are going to go well? Not a chance.
Why would they impose duties or tariffs on goods exported from Greece? Oh gee I don't know.... maybe to pay back the debt they still owe?
Why would Greece impose duties and tariffs on goods imported into Greece? Oh I don't know... maybe because the government is completely broke and desperate for cash?
And don't underestimate how much the price of food would go up.
View attachment 44399
This is Greece. Empty shelves.
Greek Importers Begin to Feel the Squeeze - WSJ
Greece hasn't produced enough food to feed itself for decades. Now maybe it will....
But remember, they have to import seed, import tires, tractors, pesticide, herbicides, fertilizer, fuel for the equipment....
The price of food, and all common goods will drastically increase. It's unavoidable.
As for African nations.... Yeah, any nation can do fantastic borrowing endlessly. If I open a dozen credit cards, and mortgage my home, and borrow a car loan..... I can live like a King.... for awhile.
Eventually the notes come due, and the entire system crashes.
Similarly, a nation can borrow endlessly and do just amazingly well.... Then when the notes come due, instead of blaming themselves for borrowing, they blame the IMF or whoever was dumb enough to lend to them.