Justice and equality:
Before the migration of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ to Medina, the Jewish tribes of Banu Nadir and Banu Quraizah had a longstanding agreement regarding blood money; If a man from Banu Quraizah killed a man from Banu Nadir, he would also be killed in retaliation. However, if a man from Banu Nadir killed a man from Banu Quraizah, he would only be required to pay blood money of one hundred wasq of dates. This unequal arrangement reflected the higher social status of Banu Nadir compared to Banu Quraizah.
The Incident:
With the arrival of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in Medina, a new order was established based on Islamic principles of justice and equality. This meant that the previous unequal arrangement between Banu Nadir and Banu Quraizah was no longer valid.
Shortly after the Prophet's migration, a man from Banu Nadir killed a man from Banu Quraizah. The aggrieved tribe approached the Prophet ﷺ, seeking justice for their slain member. They demanded that the killer be handed over to them for execution,which was against the old custom.
The Prophet's Judgment:
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) recognized the need to uphold justice and apply the Islamic law of retaliation, which mandated equal punishment for equal crimes, emphasizing that the law applied equally to all, regardless of their tribal affiliation or social status.
Divine Revelation:
In response to this situation, the Quranic Ayah 5:42 was revealed, stating:
"If you judge, judge between them with justice."
This verse reinforced the Prophet's decision to uphold justice and equality, regardless of tribal or social distinctions.
The"justice" in this context meant "life for life," emphasizing the principle of equal retaliation.
And Allah, the Exalted and Sublime, revealed Ayah 5:50 in condemnation, reproach, and rebuke of them:
(
Do they desire the judgment of [the days of] ignorance?) [Quran 5:50].
Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saws) in English and Arabic
sunnah.com
And God knows best.