PoliticalChic
Diamond Member
Interrogation and Kinesics
1.Body language. Demeanor and posture. Consider grammar and syntax. Observe these characteristics carefully before actual interrogations in order to determine a behavioral baseline.
a. The baseline is a catalog of those behaviors exhibited when the subject is telling the truth. This is the standard the interrogator will compare later with the subjectÂ’s behavior when he might have a reason to lie. Differences between the two suggest deception.
2. Observe how the subject behaved when asked questions. And how subject behaved when answering.
3. In spotting lies, interrogators consider three factors: nonverbal behavior (body language or kinesics), verbal quality (pitch of voice or pauses before answering), and verbal content (what the subject says).
a. The first two are more reliable indications of deception, since itÂ’s much easier to control what we say than how we say it and our bodyÂ’s natural reaction when we do.
b. Two clues signal lying with some consistency:
One is a very slight increase in the pitch of the voice, because lying triggers an emotional response within most people, and emotion cause vocal cords to tighten. If the subject becomes aware that his voice had risen in pitch, the interrogator should watch for pauses where there is no reason to pause.
The other signal is pausing before and during answering, since lying is mentally challenging. One whoÂ’s lying has to think constantly about what he and other people have said previously about the topic, and then craft a fictitious response thatÂ’s consistent with those prior statements and what he believes the interrogator knows.
4. Types of answers and behaviors suggesting deception:
a. Not a yes-no answer. “Not really.” “I don’t recall.” Includes evasive answers.
b. Offering more information than necessary.
c. Digressing.
d. Engaging in negation or blocking movements: touching the head, nose, and eyes particularly, touching lips, covering mouth.
e. Aversion: turning away.
f. Defensive: lifting ankle to the knee.
g. Responding with a question is classic indicator of deception: the subject is trying to buy time to decide where interrogator is going, and how to frame the response.
h. Attempt to establish camaraderie with interrogator (“you do the same…”)
i. Use of generalizations and abstractions (“everybody” or “everywhere”)
5. Standard Four-Part Analysis of Subject (when interview becomes interrogation)
a. What was the subjects role in the incident or event?
b. Is there a motive to lie? And, what is is?
c. What is the subjectÂ’s personality type? This will determine the demeanor the questioner should use: aggressive or conciliatory, including the use of reward-punishment techniques.
Determine whether introvert or extrovert. OrÂ…
Use the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator.
d. Determine what kind of ‘liar’s personality’.
[ Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator, which in addition to introvert-extrovert:
a. Thinking or feeling
b. Sensing or intuitive
c. Judging or perceiving.
d. Introvert or extrovert.]
LiarÂ’s Personality Types:
a. Manipulators, or High Machiavellians: lie with impunity, seeing nothing wrong with it, using deceit as a tool to achieve their goals in love, business or politics- or crime.
b. Social liars- lie to entertain
c. Adaptors- insecure people who lie to make a positive impression.
d. Actors- control being an important issue, they donÂ’t lie regularly, only when necessary, and are less skilled than Hi-Macs, but theyÂ’re good deceivers.
6. Interrogators refer to the immediate space around a human being as being the ‘Proxemic Zone’ a. Intimate 6-18 inches
b. Personal about 2 feet
c. Public about 10 feet away.
7. Stress due to lying pushes subjects into one of four emotional states: determine which state to decide on tactic. i.e. anger, encourage venting; denial, attack the facts. When the bargaining state entered, drop the frontal assault, and offer a way to save face. The enemy isnÂ’t the liar, itÂ’s the lie.
a. angry
b. depressed
c. denial (“I swear,” “honestly” “I’m on your side”) Dodging responsibility.
d. try to bargain their way out. Want to be reassured and forgiven.
Emblems: common gestures that tend to be substituted for words, like shrugs and finger pointing, shaking of the head, or nodding.
Adaptors: Release physical or emotional tension, signs that one is experiencing emotion. Spreading fingers on the table, foot tapping, finger flexing, glances toward the door.
Affect Displays - Show emotion
Regulators - Control the flow and pace of communication
Illustrators - Accompany or reinforce verbal messages
1.Body language. Demeanor and posture. Consider grammar and syntax. Observe these characteristics carefully before actual interrogations in order to determine a behavioral baseline.
a. The baseline is a catalog of those behaviors exhibited when the subject is telling the truth. This is the standard the interrogator will compare later with the subjectÂ’s behavior when he might have a reason to lie. Differences between the two suggest deception.
2. Observe how the subject behaved when asked questions. And how subject behaved when answering.
3. In spotting lies, interrogators consider three factors: nonverbal behavior (body language or kinesics), verbal quality (pitch of voice or pauses before answering), and verbal content (what the subject says).
a. The first two are more reliable indications of deception, since itÂ’s much easier to control what we say than how we say it and our bodyÂ’s natural reaction when we do.
b. Two clues signal lying with some consistency:
One is a very slight increase in the pitch of the voice, because lying triggers an emotional response within most people, and emotion cause vocal cords to tighten. If the subject becomes aware that his voice had risen in pitch, the interrogator should watch for pauses where there is no reason to pause.
The other signal is pausing before and during answering, since lying is mentally challenging. One whoÂ’s lying has to think constantly about what he and other people have said previously about the topic, and then craft a fictitious response thatÂ’s consistent with those prior statements and what he believes the interrogator knows.
4. Types of answers and behaviors suggesting deception:
a. Not a yes-no answer. “Not really.” “I don’t recall.” Includes evasive answers.
b. Offering more information than necessary.
c. Digressing.
d. Engaging in negation or blocking movements: touching the head, nose, and eyes particularly, touching lips, covering mouth.
e. Aversion: turning away.
f. Defensive: lifting ankle to the knee.
g. Responding with a question is classic indicator of deception: the subject is trying to buy time to decide where interrogator is going, and how to frame the response.
h. Attempt to establish camaraderie with interrogator (“you do the same…”)
i. Use of generalizations and abstractions (“everybody” or “everywhere”)
5. Standard Four-Part Analysis of Subject (when interview becomes interrogation)
a. What was the subjects role in the incident or event?
b. Is there a motive to lie? And, what is is?
c. What is the subjectÂ’s personality type? This will determine the demeanor the questioner should use: aggressive or conciliatory, including the use of reward-punishment techniques.
Determine whether introvert or extrovert. OrÂ…
Use the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator.
d. Determine what kind of ‘liar’s personality’.
[ Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator, which in addition to introvert-extrovert:
a. Thinking or feeling
b. Sensing or intuitive
c. Judging or perceiving.
d. Introvert or extrovert.]
LiarÂ’s Personality Types:
a. Manipulators, or High Machiavellians: lie with impunity, seeing nothing wrong with it, using deceit as a tool to achieve their goals in love, business or politics- or crime.
b. Social liars- lie to entertain
c. Adaptors- insecure people who lie to make a positive impression.
d. Actors- control being an important issue, they donÂ’t lie regularly, only when necessary, and are less skilled than Hi-Macs, but theyÂ’re good deceivers.
6. Interrogators refer to the immediate space around a human being as being the ‘Proxemic Zone’ a. Intimate 6-18 inches
b. Personal about 2 feet
c. Public about 10 feet away.
7. Stress due to lying pushes subjects into one of four emotional states: determine which state to decide on tactic. i.e. anger, encourage venting; denial, attack the facts. When the bargaining state entered, drop the frontal assault, and offer a way to save face. The enemy isnÂ’t the liar, itÂ’s the lie.
a. angry
b. depressed
c. denial (“I swear,” “honestly” “I’m on your side”) Dodging responsibility.
d. try to bargain their way out. Want to be reassured and forgiven.
Emblems: common gestures that tend to be substituted for words, like shrugs and finger pointing, shaking of the head, or nodding.
Adaptors: Release physical or emotional tension, signs that one is experiencing emotion. Spreading fingers on the table, foot tapping, finger flexing, glances toward the door.
Affect Displays - Show emotion
Regulators - Control the flow and pace of communication
Illustrators - Accompany or reinforce verbal messages