If you're a Neo Darwinist thank you for providing timelines because it further supports the mathematical answer to how long it would take for man to diverge from an apelike creature through mutations. Your timelines show that it was impossible.
On what basis do you say this? You'll forgive me if I don't take your word for it.
There have been many take into account all that would have to happen for mutations to be the engine that drives macroevolution. The figure produced 10 billion years ago for the divergence from ape to man.
There are other figures that give the minimum of 10 billion years let's go with this one.
Genetic debris is similar to genetic entropy, but it works at a different level.
The theory of evolution postulates that new genetic material can be caused by "bulk mutations," such as creating an extra copy of a chromosome or an extra copy of a section of DNA, and after the bulk mutation, point mutations (which would include new individual nucleotides) fine tune these bulk mutations into new gene complexes, new morphing of the embryo algorithms, etc.
Genetic debris has to do with the failed attempts by evolution to create new species. The attempt does create the bulk mutations, but the point mutations fail to create new genetic information. Thus, the mutated bulk mutations stay on the DNA without adding any new genetic information.
Let us start by looking at the big picture of evolution.
After the "first living cell," evolution had to create much more genetic material than it had to create for the "first living cell." Not only was there more genetic material, but it had to be massively more complex.
For example, the average gene on the "first living cell" would have only created one protein. Modern day human genes can create an average of 10 proteins, and each one of these proteins is much longer and massively more complex than any gene on the "first living cell" would have been.
Not only that, but human genes have "introns" in between the "exons" and the introns are not part of the final mRNA. In fact, typically, not even all of the exons are part of the final mRNA. This means that the instructions for making proteins are no longer in contiguous sections of the DNA, which adds a lot of complexity to DNA.
When complex life started to exist (assuming the theory of evolution); gene complexes, the morphing of the embryo algorithms, etc. became so complex that the percentage of viable random permutations (given the growing length and complexity of DNA for the increasingly complex species) became increasingly and astonishingly small.
As things got more complex, and the percentage of viable permutations plummeted, the seemingly infinite number of failed attempts to create a new gene complex (either from an existing gene complex or a copy of an existing gene complex) or make a change in the morphing of the embryo algorithm, etc. would massively outnumber the successful attempts.
There are two problems for evolution at this point.
If you start to modify an existing gene complex, but the attempt fails to create a functional new gene complex, you have very likely destroyed an existing and important gene complex and it will never again function properly in the descendants of the animal!! This also means the offspring of this animal may not survive.
On the other hand, if you start to modify a copy of an existing gene complex, but the point mutations fail to create a new gene complex, then you have a large amount of worthless genetic material on the DNA.
Neither of these options are good. But if evolution were true, both of these options would have happened many millions of times during the creation of human DNA due to the statistical problems of the theory of evolution. Vastly, vastly more failures would occur than successes.
These failed attempts would extend the length of the DNA, by worthless nucleotides, plus would have extended the length of time needed to create humans, even under the most ideal conditions, to a virtually infinite amount of time.
These failures would have massively extended the length of DNA because there is no mechanism to remove unwanted debris.
A person might think that if there was a failed attempt in creating a new gene complex; that the new species simply would not survive, thus the genetic debris issue would not be a factor.
It is not that simple because most new species would have needed 10 or 20 or even more new gene complexes. The probability of creating 20 new gene complexes, each on the first attempt, on a new DNA strand (i.e. in the same attempt to create a new species) is insanely absurd and would not happen a single time in a quintillion quintillion quintillion years!!
Thus, it would be impossible that the creation of a new species would not include massive amounts of "baggage or debris" from failed attempts to create viable gene complexes from copies of existing gene complexes.
In fact, starting with the first complex species (i.e. a species which had a circulating fluid), every new species would have had residuals of bulk mutations which did not end up being viable genetic material.
There is no mechanism on DNA to get rid of these mutations; partly because these are new species, by definition, and the final design of the DNA is unknown until the species is complete and functioning.
Since humans have roughly 3,000 ancestor species (i.e. different species on our evolutionary or phylogenetic tree), on 3,000 different occasions there would have been a significant amount of new genetic debris added to our DNA.
Scientists do not see any residual bulk mutations, which have no function, on human DNA. While there are sections of DNA which are not understood yet, there is no section of DNA which has been shown to be unnecessary.
But genetic debris would have created many trillions of unused nucleotides during the creation of the 3,000 ancestor species of humans due to the impossible odds of creating a new gene complex by random mutations, on the first attempt, and the fact that many new ancestor species would have needed 10 or 20 new gene complexes.
Bottom Line: If evolution were true, massive, massive numbers of non-functional nucleotides would be left on our DNA due to the concept of "genetic debris." Such nucleotides are not observed.
See Chapter 19 for more information on genetic debris.
Reason #4) Consecutive Impossible Probabilities
We have assumed that the number of ancestor species, between the first complex species (which was our ancestor species) and human beings, was 3,000.
In a prior chapter it was calculated that the probability of creating a new species from an existing species is 10‑100. Thus, a person might conclude that the probability of human beings being created, after the first complex animal, was 10‑300,000.
Evolutionists would look at this probability and say "this is no big deal." This is how they "brush off" their obscene statistical problems.
Well, they can't brush off this probability for two reasons. First, this probability is equivalent to picking the single, correct atom from among 10299,920 Universes, because it is estimated that there are 1080 atoms in our Universe. Try to pick the single correct atom (in a game of "hide and seek") from among 10299,920 Universes in a billion years!!
But there is a second reason which makes the theory of evolution even more absurd. That concept is "consecutive or sequential lotteries."
Creating each new species from an existing species is like winning a lottery with a probability of 10‑100.
The concept of "consecutive or sequential lotteries" is that you have to win one lottery before you can even "buy tickets" in the next lottery.
If there are 3,000 species, between the first complex animal and human DNA, then each of these ancestor species had to be created consecutively, meaning one after the other, because they are all our ancestor species, assuming the theory of evolution.
Just like our grandfather (our father's father) and our father cannot both be born in the same year, our 3,000th ancestor species (starting with our oldest ancestor species with complex DNA) must have existed prior to our 2,999th ancestor species. And our 2,999th ancestor species had to exist prior to our 2,998th ancestor species. And so on.
Thus, human evolution, from the DNA of our oldest complex ancestor species to the DNA of human beings, would be like winning "3,000 consecutive or sequential (i.e. one after the other) lotteries," where the probability of winning each lottery was 10‑100!!!
This creates an issue of time for the theory of evolution.
For example, suppose you could buy 1,000 tickets in a lottery every second, 24 hours a day, in a lottery with a probability of winning of 10‑100. How long would it take you to buy half of the lottery tickets to give you a 50% chance of winning this lottery?
You could buy less than a trillion lottery tickets a year, which is 109, but we will assume you could buy a trillion lottery tickets a year (this book is always generous to the theory of evolution).
It would take 5 times 1099 (this is the number of tickets you must buy) divided by 109 (which is the number of tickets you could buy every year) to have a 50% chance of winning this lottery. This would be more than 1090 years!!
Thus, it would take more than:
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years to have a 50-50 chance of winning one lottery!!
But you must win 3,000 of these lotteries, one after the other!! In other words, you cannot buy a "ticket" in the second lottery until after you win the first lottery. You cannot buy a "ticket" in the third lottery until after you have won the first lottery, then the second lottery.
To apply this to evolution, suppose you take an existing animal, which is an ancestor species of humans, and you make 1,000 attempts to create the next ancestor species of humans, every second, 24 hours a day, for 10 billion years. It is almost impossible you could create the next ancestor species of humans in double the estimated age of our earth.
But that is not the problem.
Each of our 3,000 ancestor species must be created consecutively or sequentially, meaning one after the other.
For example, we could not begin to create our 2,999th ancestor species until after our 3,000th ancestor species already existed (i.e. we had already won that lottery).
Likewise, we could not begin to create our 2,998th ancestor species until after our 2,999th ancestor species already existed (i.e. we had already won two consecutive lotteries).
And so on.
Thus, the theory of evolution consists of 3,000 true "consecutive or sequential lotteries," each with a probability of 10‑100.
While evolutionists might brush off a probability of 10‑300,000, they cannot just brush off a probability of winning 3,000 consecutive or sequential lotteries, each with a probability of 10‑100. They have to win 3,000 impossible lotteries, one after the other (i.e. one lottery cannot start until after the prior lottery is won), in a time period of about a billion years.
There is no word in the English language to describe just how ludicrous the theory of evolution is!!
Bottom Line: Evolution could not have occurred in a billion years or even a trillion years or even a quintillion quintillion years. The reason is that human DNA would have required "winning" 3,000 consecutive or sequential evolution lotteries, each with an impossible probability of 10‑100.
Seven Scientific Reasons the Theory of Evolution Cannot Be True