Read these links and books, then come back and talk to me about blaming whites.
Janelle Jones,
John Schmitt,
Valerie Wilson,
“50 years after the Kerner Commission,” Economic Policy Institute, February 26, 2018,
50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality
Richard Rothstein,
“50 years after the Kerner Commission, minimal racial progress.”, New York Daily News, February 28, 2018
Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (New York: Bantam Books, 1968), pg.2.
http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf
Lester Graham, The Kerner Commission, and why its recommendations were ignored,
Detroit Journalism Cooperative, One Detroit
Ryan C.T. DeLapp, MA, and Monnica T. Williams, Ph.D., “Proactively Coping With Racism, Getting back to our lives in the aftermath of racial violence in the media.”,
July 18, 2016, www.psychologytoday,com
Pike, Karen D,
“What is Internalized Racial Oppression and Why Don't We Study It? Acknowledging Racism's Hidden Injuries”, December 1, 2010, Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 53, Issue 4, pp. 551–572 Internalized Racism Among Asians
Ross, C., Danziger, S. & Smolensky, E. The level and trend of poverty in the United States, 1939–1979.
Demography 24, 587–600 (1987).
The level and trend of poverty in the United States, 1939–1979 | Demography | Duke University Press
Table 2. Poverty Status of People by Family Relationship, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2014, US Department of the Census,
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/historical/people.html
Dennis R. Upkins,
Denying Racism And Other Forms Of Gaslighting, Aug 24, 2016, Mental Health Matters, derived from:
https://mental-health-matters.com/denying-racism-and-other-forms-of-gaslighting/
Mayo Clinic-
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Symptoms and causes
Angelique M. Davis & Rose Ernst (2019)
Racial gaslighting, Politics, Groups, and Identities, 7:4, 761-774, DOI:
10.1080/21565503.2017.1403934
World Health OrganizationDefinition of Health,
World Health Organization(WHO) Definition Of Health - Public Health
Cheyna Roth,
Racism Declared A Public Health Crisis In New Whitmer Executive Directive, Aug 05, 2020,
Racism declared a public health crisis in new Whitmer executive directive
Is Racism a Public Health Issue? Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, October 9, 2017,
Is Racism a Public Health Issue? — Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health
Camara Jules P. Harrell, Tanisha I. Burford, Brandi N. Cage, Travette McNair Nelson, Sheronda Shearon, Adrian Thompson, and Steven Green
, Multiple Pathways Linking Racism to Health Outcomes, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health
Trauma, Racism, Chronic Stress and the Health of Black Americans, Compilation by the SAMHSA Office of Behavioral Health Equity, June 3, 2020,
https://www.mhanational.org/sites/default/files/AfricanAmericansRaceViolenceandHealth SAMHSA OBHE 6.3.20.pdf
Geronimus, A. T., Hicken, M., Keene, D., & Bound, J. (2006).
"Weathering" and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States. American journal of public health, 96(5), 826–833.
The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) publications
B.S. McEwen, J.C. Wingfield,
Allostasis and Allostatic Load,
Encyclopedia of Stress (Second Edition), 2007,
Allostasis and Allostatic Load
B.S. McEwen,
Stress: Homeostasis, Rheostasis, Allostasis and Allostatic Load, Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, 2009,
Stress: Homeostasis, Rheostasis, Reactive Scope, Allostasis and Allostatic Load
Lukachko, Alicia & Hatzenbuehler, Mark & Keyes, Katherine. (2014
). Structural racism and myocardial infarction in the United States. Social science & medicine (1982). 103. 42-50. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.021.
Hume, David,
“Of Natural Characters,” Part I Essay XXI of Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary
Ryan Very,
Kant’s Racism,
Kant's Racism
A'ndrea Elyse Messer,
Scientific racism's long history mandates caution, Penn State News, February 14, 2014
Kenan Malik, On
The Enlightenment’s ‘Race Problem’,
ON THE ENLIGHTENMENT’S ‘RACE PROBLEM’
Bernasconi, R. (2001)
‘Who Invented the Concept of Race? Kant’s Role in the Enlightenment Construction of Race’ in Bernasconi, R. (Ed.) Race, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers
Voltaire,
Les Lettres d’Amabed, Volume 21 (p. 462-463).,
https://fr.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Les_Lettres_d’Amabed/Lettre_7b_d’Amabed
Benjamin Rush,
Race, Slavery, And Abolitionism,
Benjamin Rush, Race, Slavery, and Abolitionism | Benjamin Rush | Dickinson College
Samuel Cartwright,
“Report On The Diseases And Physical Peculiarities Of The Negro Race”. The New Orleans Medical and Surgeon Journal, pg. 691, May 1851
Madison Grant,
“The Passing of the Great Race: Or, The Racial Basis of European History, pg.xxviii,
The passing of the great race; or, The racial basis of European history. 4th rev. ed., with a documentary supplement, with prefaces by Henry Fairfield Osborn : Grant, Madison, 1865-1937 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
Walter Rodney,
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, London, Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications, 1972, pg 246
Headrights, Headrights (VA-NOTES)
What was the Headright System? Headright System History & Significance | What was the Headright System? - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com
Thomas Jefferson,
“Notes on the State of Virginia.”(1785),pg.240
Shawn D Rochester,
The Black Tax: The Cost of Being Black in America, pp, 49, Good Steward Publishing, Southbury CT., 2018
Williams, T. (2000).
The Homestead Act: A major asset-building policy in American history (CSD Working Paper No. 00-9). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.
The Homestead Act: A Major Asset-Building Policy in American History
Freedmen's Bureau Act,
Freedmen's Bureau Act, March 3, 1865 | The Freedmen's Bureau Online
John Soos,
The Freedmen’s Bureau: Success or failure? https://www.umbc.edu/che/tahlessons/pdf/The_Freedmens_Bureau_Success_or_Failure(PrinterFriendly).pdf
How Do You Define Free Labor Ideology? How Do You Define Free Labor Ideology?
Morrill Act, 1862, Morrill Act, 1862 · The State of History
The Morrill Land Grant Act Of 1890,
http://www.blackbottomarchives.com/blackhistory/2015/2/18/morrill-act-of-1890#:~:text=THE MORRILL LAND GRANT ACT OF 1890 The,the existing land grant colleges in the state.
James Chen,
National Housing Act, Updated Sep 3, 2019,
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/national-housing-act.asp
Alexis C. Madrigal,
The Racist Housing Policy That Made Your Neighborhood, The Atlantic, May 22, 2014,
https://www.theatlantic.com/busines...ng-policy-that-made-your-neighborhood/371439/
PBS, Race-The Power of An Illusion,
Uncle Sam Lends A Hand, Did the Government Racialize Housing and Wealth? http://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_06_a-godeeper.htm
The Social Security Act of 1935,
https://www.ssa.gov/history/35act.html
Larry DeWitt,
The Decision to Exclude Agricultural and Domestic Workers from the 1935 Social Security Act, Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70, No. 4, 2010
Brad Plumer,
A second look at Social Security’s racist origins, Washington Post, June 3, 2013,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news...cond-look-at-social-securitys-racist-origins/
Linda Gordon and Felice Batlan,
The Legal History of the Aid to Dependent Children Program,
https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/public-welfare/aid-to-dependent-children-the-legal-history/
Johnathan Grossman,
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: Maximum Struggle for a Minimum Wage, U.S. Department of Labor,
https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/history/flsa1938
Richard Rothstein,
Color of Law, New York: Liveright Publishing, 2017, pg. 4
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (G.I. Bill),
http://totallyhistory.com/servicemens-readjustment-act-g-i-bill
Erin Blakemore, How the GI Bill's Promise Was Denied to a Million Black WWII Veterans,
https://www.history.com/news/gi-bill-black-wwii-veterans-benefits, June 21, 2019
Brandon Weber, How African American WWII Veterans Were Scorned By the G.I. Bill, The Progressive, November 10, 2017,
https://progressive.org/dispatches/how-african-american-wwii-veterans-were-scorned-by-the-g-i-b/
Sally Kohn,
Affirmative Action Has Helped White Women More Than Anyone, Time, JUNE 17, 2013,
https://time.com/4884132/affirmative-action-civil-rights-white-women/#:~:text=But study after study shows that affirmative action,affirmative action helps the most in America today.
Fact Sheet: Affirmative Action and What It Means for Women, July 1, 2000, The National Womens Law Center,
https://nwlc.org/resources/affirmative-action-and-what-it-means-women/
Tim Wise,
Is Sisterhood Conditional?: White Women and the Rollback of Affirmative Action, September 23, 1998,
http://www.timwise.org/1998/09/is-s...women-and-the-rollback-of-affirmative-action/
Victoria M. Massie,
White women benefit most from affirmative action — and are among its fiercest opponents,
https://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11682950/fisher-supreme-court-white-women-affirmative-action
Emily Walton,
Flashback: All college students should take a mandatory course on black history and white privilege, USA TODAY, September 23, 2019,
https://www.usatoday.com/story/opin...urse-graduation-requirement-column/2389375001
Mike Males,
“Why the Gigantic, Decades-Long Drop in Black Youth Crime Threatens Major Interests,” The Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, August 15, 2013,
http://www.cjcj.org/news/6523
National Conference of Black Lawyers, the International Association of Democratic Lawyers, and the National Lawyers Guild,
Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Systemic Racist Police Violence against People of African Descent in the U.S.
https://inquirycommission.org/website/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Commission-Report-15-April.pdf
GBD 2019 Police Violence US Subnational Collaborators,
Fatal police violence by race and state in the USA, 1980–2019: a network meta-regression, The Lancet , VOLUME 398, ISSUE 10307, P1239-1255, OCTOBER 02, 2021,
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01609-3/fulltext
Annalisa Merelli,
More black people were killed by US police in 2015 than were lynched in the worst year of Jim Crow, July 7, 2016,
https://qz.com/726245/more-black-pe...n-were-lynched-in-the-worst-year-of-jim-crow/
Nick Noel, Duwain Pinder, Shelley Stewart III and Jason Wright,
The economic impact of closing the racial wealth gap, https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/public and social sector/our insights/the economic impact of closing the racial wealth gap/the-economic-impact-of-closing-the-racial-wealth-gap-final.pdf
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2021 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
Table 2. Poverty Status of People by Family Relationship, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2020,
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/historical/people.html
Laura Sullivan, Tatjana Meschede, Lars Dietrich, & Thomas Shapiro, Amy Traub, Catherine Ruetschlin, Tamara Draut,
The Racial Wealth Gap, Why Policy Matters, pg.4
Ani Turner,
The Business Case for Racial Equity, https://altarum.org/sites/default/f...s-Case-Racial-Equity_National-Report_2018.pdf
Brentin Mock
, “White Americans’ Hold on Wealth Is Old, Deep, and Nearly Unshakeable,” CITILAB, September 3, 2019,
https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019...amily-income/597100/?utm_source=pocket-newtab
Dana M Peterson, Catherine L Mann
, Closing the Racial Inequality Gaps, The Economic Cost of Black Inequality in the U.S.,
https://www.citivelocity.com/citigps/closing-the-racial-inequality-gaps/
Stephen Miller,
Black Workers Still Earn Less than Their White Counterparts, www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/compensation/pages/racial-wage-gaps-persistence-poses-challenge.aspx
Roy Eduardo Kokoyachuk,
Education Alone Can't Close The Racial Wage Gap,
https://www.mediapost.com/publicati...ion-alone-cant-close-the-racial-wage-gap.html
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2021 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).,
Table H-5. Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder--Households by Median and Mean Income: 1967 to 2020,
https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-income-households.html
Amy Traub, Laura Sullivan, Tatjana Meschede and Thomas Shapiro, DEMOS,
The Asset Value of Whiteness: Understanding the Racial Wealth Gap, pg. 10
https://www.demos.org/sites/default/files/publications/Asset Value of Whiteness_0.pdf
Jonathan Kaplan and Andrew Valls,
Housing Discrimination As A Basis For Black Reparations, Public Affairs Quarterly, Volume 21, Number 3, July 2007
