Criminal charges are not Required to bar someone from running for public office under the fourteenth amendment. It can be done purely on a civil basis. A lawsuit was filed by citizens of colorado to remove him from the ballot under the fourteenth amendment. And their state supreme court Rules in their favor. It does not matter whether or not he was ever charged or convicted.
Just like it didn't matter of that none of the Members of congos who were removed for their part in the confederacy, wherever convicted of a crime.