I don’t know any scientist that doesn’t recognize the fine tunning of the universe necessary for the evolution of consciousness to become a reality. Quite a few things have to go right.
But no one can argue that the potential for the universe producing intelligence wasn’t allowed for by the laws of nature.
So the necessary argument moves to is this potentially on purpose? Was it intentional? Or was it unintentional?
To answer that question we must study what was created.
So I don’t know what one would call this argument. I call it a logical argument.
Exactly! The emboldened is ultimately the real issue, that and the number of chances nature may have had if we assume a strictly natural mechanism.
I know of a few others, four in total if we count Carroll. But Carroll is being a snake here, mistating the problem, so it's not clear to me what he really believes. I find it very difficult to believe that he really doesn't understand that the problem goes to the kind of universe that can exist for life to arise in the first place, not about what kind of life can exist. Another is the late Stenger, but he was a second-rate physicist and virulent atheist, a hack, whom Barnes took to task for his less than forthcoming "science":
https://www.cambridge.org/core/serv...-of-the-universe-for-intelligent-life-div.pdf
He got rich selling sensational science to atheists.
The other two, Harnik and Adams, are actually respectable sorts. They've done some great work via simulations showing that the range of habitable universes is wider than we thought. They're more skeptical than others, really, so I guess they don't really count either. The fine-tuning/anthropic principle proper doesn’t assert that our universe is uniquely life-permitting, but rather that life-permitting universes are rare in the set of possible universes, i.e., that the habitable range of the continuum is very narrow (finely tuned). Their approach was to vary several of the values of the constants and conditions simultaneously. We've got computers now that can crunch trillions of calculations a second. The results yield universes that are less dynamic than ours, but arguably habitable. On the other hand, they had to adjust certain other parameters relative to the randomly chosen changes to make the models work. Fine-tuning, anyone? But in any event, it must be acknowledge that the range is wider than previously thought.
By the way, other scientists who hold that the universe is fine-tuned for life regardless the mechanism: Carr, Carter, Ellis, Greene, Guth, Harrison, Linde, Page, Penrose, Polkinghorne, Sandage, Smolin, Susskind, Tegmark, Wheeler, Wilczek. Like the others in the above, they are all atheists or agnostics who hold to a multiverse or some kind of cyclical universe.