Everybody has asked the question, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, "What shall we do with the Negro?" I have had but one answer from the beginning. Do nothing with us! Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us. Do nothing with us! If the apples will not remain on the tree of their own strength, if they are wormeaten at the core, if they are early ripe and disposed to fall, let them fall! I am not for tying or fastening them on the tree in any way, except by nature's plan, and if they will not stay there, let them fall. And if the Negro cannot stand on his own legs, let him fall also. All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! Let him alone! If you see him on his way to school, let him alone, don't disturb him! If you see him going to the dinner table at a hotel, let him go! If you see him going to the ballot- box, let him alone, don't disturb him! [Applause.] If you see him going into a work-shop, just let him alone,--your interference is doing him a positive injury.
April, 1865, Frederick Douglass
The speech from Douglas was eloquently done but extremely naive. That is understandable... for he could not foresee the coming storm of invidious hatred that would follow emancipation. That question was asked with the same nefarious intent that the German people asked of Hitler: What shall we do with the Jew?
Douglas’ naivete is evident when he failed to account for discriminatory practices that, in effect, shook his hypothetical “apple tree” and threatened to completely uproot it: tree, branches apples and all! In that environment, what tree can bear fruit? When there s no water for it and no nourishment...why do you marvel at the stark nakedness of it’s branches and the withering fruit thereof!
JQPublic1 2014
I think Douglas was giving whites the benefit of the doubt. He had to have known the infantile fits of rage whites are capable of when witnessing Black success. Its well documented that whenever whites see Blacks succeeding they attack. Its like an instinctive response. I think he was appealing to the human side in hopes of shaming them from further attacks instead of being naive..
In 1865, I don't think many blacks had spent much time enjoying the fruits of freedom. Douglas may have been able to explore the personal merits of freedom but black success was negligible back then. Greenwood and Rose wood rose to prominence after 1896 when Plessy vs Ferguson ushered in the era of American Apartheidt. As mucha s I hate to say it, segregation seemed to have engendered prosperity among black populations in certain enclaves. Still, domestic White terrorists were a plague upon black prosperity and destroyed it whenever the opportunity presented itself. That was of course, post Douglas era!
I agree that the masses of Blacks had not had a chance to garner much success but as an educated Black man Douglass undoubtedly had experienced for himself the envy, shock and hatred of many whites. You also have to consider he was aware of the laws that were passed to keep Black men illiterate even during slavery.In 1863 the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction was made by Lincoln. This is two years prior to 1865. Prior to that they hung John Brown in 1859 for freeing slaves. If you already know the reaction whites had to white abolitionists, educated Black slaves, and successful free Black men its not that hard to anticipate the backlash associated with masses of free Black men with no hurdles in front of them. Especially if you are privy to the debates in the highest bastions of white power as Douglass was. I honestly believe he was trying to ward off attacks by shaming whites. Unfortunately it only worked for about 9 years. Remember that the collapse of Reconstruction was primarily caused by white jealousy.
Great discussion Asclepias, I only wish there were more civil discussions like this. Something might be gained in the area of understanding the question of race in America if such exchanges were more frequent!
When Douglas said this,
"All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! Let him alone! If you see him on his way to school, let him alone, don't disturb him! If you see him going to the dinner table at a hotel, let him go! If you see him going to the ballot- box, let him alone, don't disturb him! [Applause.] If you see him going into a work-shop, just let him alone,--" in the purest sense of his narrative, Douglas seemed optimistic
and beseeched the White public questioners who formed the basis of that ominous query "What shall we do with the negro," to let them alone. DId he really expect local yokels to "let Blacks alone?' Reflecting upon ihs own status at the time it is understandable that Douglas, presenting himself as the model for which motivated blacks should emulate, would voice that opinion. Indeed, that paradigm might have worked splendidly if the Constitutional guarantees had been modified to protect the civil liberties of Blacks in 1865.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 made blacks full U.S. citizens (and this repealed the Dred Scott decision). In 1868, the 14th amendment granted full U.S. citizenship to African-Americans. But full citizenship was no guarantee of equality before the law. Affirmative Action eventually had to be invented and applied, not only for Blacks but for white women and otter minorities as well!