One of the "rights" not mentioned in the Constitution, but presumably covered in the Ninth Amendment (catch-all provision for rights not specifically enumerated), is the RIGHT OF CONTRACT.
We all have a right to enter into legal contracts and to have those contracts enforced at law.
So what can you say about someone who applies for a job as a teacher, at a known level of compensation, then later says, "I demand more money"? Even if there is no personal contract or Collective Bargaining Agreement, there is an implied contract that is analogous to an expired lease: the terms and conditions will continue, month to month, unless terminated by one party, or changed BY MUTUAL AGREEMENT.
Otherwise, either party is free to terminate if they think they can get a better deal elsewhere. Just like in the real world.
I have no sympathy for these teachers. If they think they can do better somewhere else, then they should go, and don't let the door hit them in the ass on the way out. If enough of them leave (hold the laughter), maybe the Powers That Be will see the error of their ways and provide more funding. Otherwise, one suspects that there will be ready, willing, & able applicants, all with the proper credentials, who will step in forthwith. At the offered salary.
Maybe people would be willing to work for $20k. Maybe they are very frugal, or have other income (a spouse?) or are independently wealthy. Who cares? Those positions will be filled in no time.