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I am not confused in the sense you imply. I am confused why atheists would reject the logical consequences of their atheism and still be atheists. But to each his own.Spiritualists believe that everything was created by spirit. That the physical world - the stuff of matter - exists because the spirit willed it into existence. Such that beings that know and create would eventually arise. Naturalist or materialist don't believe that the physical world was created by spirit. They believe that the incorporeal - such as thought - arose through the material world. If they believe anything else then they are really talking about some vague life force (which is non-material spirit) which exists independent of the material world. I don't see how this is compatible with the belief of atheism which is a belief in no God. Because all they are doing is using another name for God.I guess what I am struggling with is the atheist position that they aren't materialists when they don't believe in any consciousness outside of material beings. It seems rather like they are recoiling from the bed they made for themselves, so to speak. It's like they want to see a higher meaning to their existence than their belief system will allow. It's like they want the best of both worlds.
I think this is a misreading of the philosophy of mind.The mind-body problem goes back to at least Descartes, in the western tradition. I don't think it involves any questions of a higher meaning to life, or anything at all that touches directly on theism. Nor does it even hinge on the idea of "non-material" beings having consciousness. It's just an ontological problem (does consciousness involve "stuff" that is different from other physical stuff?), and it can appear as such to both theists and atheists alike. So for example difficulties facing a substance dualist are the same for theists as for atheists: if mind is not matter then how does mind interact with matter? What makes philosophy of mind interesting is not that it has any direct connection with religious questions, but rather that the phenomenal experience of consciousness is at once both the most familiar experience to us while also seeming quite enigmatic from the perspective of the natural sciences, at least in context of their historical development.
That said, I think developments in neurology, cognitive science, and even computer science and AI have made it seem less enigmatic now than it would have in Descartes' time, and it's probably not really more enigmatic than a bunch of other phenomena from modern physics.
I also think some of your consternation might be removed if you realized that a lot of what you are saying about atheists would be more correct if you just substitute the word naturalism for materialism. It's naturalism that entails the necessity of deflating phenomena of spiritual significance, rather than materialism per se. Materialism is about what kinds of "stuff" exist, hence your OP graphic's distinction between monism and dualism. But you shouldn't conflate dualism with a belief in the supernatural or monism with a rejection of the supernatural. The natural vs supernatural distinction is a different concept. A naturalist can hold that the natural universe contains more than one kind of stuff (eg. minds and matter), but that none of it is the result of any supernatural agent. Similarly, there are religious monists (Advaita Vedanta is a good example) who hold that the "physical" world is ultimately illusory, so that in reality only the spiritual world is real. They are monists but not exactly naturalists.
I don't have any consternation. What I have is confusion for why they recoil at the logical conclusion of their atheism.
Your confusion is probably because you don't know what you are talking about. Buddhists believe the world always existed, and there is no need for a creator.
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics says Buddhists are wrong. It is not possible for matter and energy to exist forever without reaching thermal equilibrium. This is also the reason that the only solution to the first cause conundrum - something which is eternal and unchanging - can be no thing. Consciousness is no thing. It is incorporeal.
But since you brought up Buddhists... Siddhārtha Gautama didn't say there was no God. He was silent on God. Legend has it that he crossed over to the the side and that he was silent on God because God could not be explained in humans terms.