For
John Quigley, Palestine's existence as a state predates the 1988 declaration. Tracing Palestine's status as an international entity back to the collapse of the
Ottoman Empire after
World War I, he recalls that the
Palestine Mandate (1918–1948), an arrangement made under Article 22 of the Covenant of the
League of Nations, held as its "ultimate objective", the "
self-determination and independence of the people concerned." He says that in explicitly referring to the Covenant, the 1988 declaration was reaffirming an existing Palestinian statehood.
[137] Noting that Palestine under the Mandate entered into
bilateral treaties, including one with
Great Britain, the Mandatory power, he cites this as an example of its "sovereignty" at that time. He also notes the corollary of the
Stimson Doctrine and the customary prohibition on the use of force contained in the Restatement of Foreign Relations Law of the United States, "[a]n entity does not necessarily cease to be a state even if all of its territory has been occupied by a foreign power".
[81]