The notion of Jesus dying for our sins, for example. I cannot imagine seeing a god which requires someone be tortured to death as a payment engendering hope. I cannot see a god which thinks hell was a good idea as engendering hope. The idea that one is sinful for just being alive is negative. I really don't get the appeal at all. But, if you do then I am happy for you.
The full story emerges with in depth study of the cultures and histories of that time. It is a shame that today we end up with a summary of the shorthand version that you present quite well.
Erase that board, and all that has developed in the last two thousand years. You are now immersed in another culture, a culture where forgiveness of sins is attained by making a sacrifice or an offering at the Temple. The present day economy depends on this just as much as today's economy depends on fleecing the youth by pretty much mandating a college education--including a Masters Degree--for career advancement.
Like the majority of Jews in that time, you live in poverty, as the Romans have taken over your property and forced you into a serf-like servitude. You would very much like to make that offering at the Temple and have your sins forgiven...but you cannot bear to see your family go hungry.
Then along comes this itinerant preacher who says it is not Temple Offering for forgiveness of sins--it is repentance (turning away from that sin) and doing the will of God for the forgiveness of sins. Temple authorities begin to see the effect this sentiment has in loss of Temple revenue. They tell Jesus to cease and desist--that he has no authority to proclaim any such thing. Jesus tells them his authority comes from God, his Father. This incenses the authorities more, and they demand to see a sign that Jesus has been given any such authority. This would be a new covenant, and covenants include a blood (animal) sacrifice.
Jesus would not decease and desist, and he insisted his Father (with whom he was one with) gave him this authority. He would not stay silent and so the Temple authorities arranged for his death. The Covenant now had a blood sacrifice...and Jesus arose from the dead. Indeed, repentance for the forgiveness of sins was indeed the New Covenant (Testament).
And, yes, those who follow Jesus' Way of turning from sin and discerning and obeying the will of the Father can point to Jesus who died to bring this New Covenant about where their sins are indeed forgiven. Keep in mind both Jews and Christians believe it is God who forgives sins. The Jewish symbol of this was the Temple; the Christian symbol is the crucified Christ or the cross.
As far as hell...Catholic teaching is that God sends no one to hell--people choose to go there. How? First there must be a belief in God and a total rejection of who He is and the ideals He presents. Alternately, if someone has no belief in God, then it is a matter of actively choosing over and over again evil, not goodness. Since God is all good, such people have no wish to be in His presence. Hell is an absence of God, and it is a choice.
Finally, people are not sinful just for being alive. People are imperfect and they fall short of the ideal mark--that is simply human nature. We also (or most of us) have the wish to be the best we can be, to reach the ideal mark--and that is human nature, too. God calls each of us to pursue that ideal--and not to lose hope the times we fall short. Those times are readily forgiven as we try once more to reach the epitome of doing God's will on earth as it is done in heaven.
Courage and persistence cannot help but lift my spirits--and Jesus portrayed both. So did many Old Testament figures.