Yellow Fever

[waltky]

Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil attributed to climate change...

Climate shift brings back an old scourge as Brazil races to contain yellow fever outbreak
Saturday 4th February, 2017 - Brazilian health authorities are rushing to try to control an outbreak of yellow fever, a viral relic of the colonial era. But the disease is back and killing people at a rate not seen for decades, and experts say it is being driven by some of the same factors that have fuelled the outbreak of Zika virus, a new threat that has wrought havoc in Brazil over the past two years.

Fifty-two people have died of yellow fever so far, in an outbreak that began with the onset of Southern Hemisphere summer in December, and another 80 deaths are being investigated as suspected yellow fever fatalities, according to the Ministry of Health. The Ministry says that a further 667 suspected cases of the disease are under analysis. Public health officials have inoculated five million people in the central state of Minas Gerais, where almost all the cases have been concentrated, and ordered 11.5 million more doses of the vaccine for two more areas where a handful of cases have been confirmed, including Sao Paulo, the country’s most populous state. A suspected yellow fever case has also been reported in Bahia, a coastal state that has not recorded the disease since 1985.

Most people who contract yellow fever have no symptoms; only about 10 per cent develop the fever, severe headache, nausea and vomiting. Of these, about half will die. Yellow fever is still a major killer in Africa, where it originated, and it was once a scourge throughout the Americas after it was imported on slave ships. It decimated Napoleon’s army in Haiti, nearly scuppered the construction of the Panama Canal, and took hundreds of thousands of lives before a vaccine was found in the late 1930s. Since then, deaths have dropped steadily; the disease typically flares up Brazil in seven-year cycles, but with fewer than 20 deaths. This outbreak, however, is already much more lethal, and experts appear divided on whether it is now fully controlled.

Yellow fever is caused by a flavivirus (the same family as Zika and dengue fever) and is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes and Haemogogus species. The mosquitoes feed on primates – human and otherwise – and the first sign that the disease was back in Brazil was the discovery of clusters of dead monkeys. At present, epidemiologists say, Brazil has a “wild” outbreak: the virus was in a reservoir of monkeys that passed it on to mosquitoes that bit them, which then spread it to more monkeys, and then more mosquitoes. Biologists call this “amplifying” the virus. Monkeys are its primary host, but some of those infected mosquitoes bit people, who were working in or passing through the forest homes of the monkeys.

The top priority now is to stop the outbreak from becoming “urban,” Brazil’s Health Minister, Ricardo Barros, said recently, urging people to seek vaccinations. If the virus gets firmly established in urban areas in mosquito species that live primarily around humans, and can rapidly spread the virus between them (as Aedes aegypti does with Zika virus), it raises the possibility of a huge epidemic of the kind Brazil has not seen for nearly a century, he said. The three deaths recorded in Sao Paulo so far were among people who were infected in Minas Gerais, the Health Minister said.

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[JakeStarkey]

Climate shift brings back an old scourge as Brazil races to contain yellow fever outbreak

 

[tyroneweaver]

touche jake, you can pick on the Mormon and Trump in one cartoon.

 

[waltky]

Brazilian state at risk for yellow fever...

WHO: All of Sao Paulo State at Risk for Yellow Fever
January 16, 2018 — The World Health Organization has added all of Sao Paulo state to its list of areas at risk for yellow fever.

That puts the megacity of Sao Paulo on the list and means that the organization is recommending that all international visitors to the state be vaccinated.

A nurse vaccinates a toddler against yellow fever at a public health clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil​

Tuesday's announcement comes as an outbreak is gathering steam in Brazil ahead of Carnival, a major draw for foreign tourists. The WHO says 11 human cases have been confirmed through last week and hundreds more found in monkeys.

Much of Brazil is considered at risk for yellow fever, but the coast was largely considered safe. Last year, however, Brazil saw an unusually large outbreak of the disease, including in areas not previously at risk. In response, Brazil rushed to vaccinate millions of people.

WHO: All of Sao Paulo State at Risk for Yellow Fever

 

[emilynghiem]

I guess someone needs to report this to Trump,
so he adds "Brazil" to his list of crappy countries.

With El Salvador and Brazil on his list, he can't
be blamed for just being racist against Blacks in Haiti and Africa.

That should help his poll ratings!

 

[waltky]

Mass Yellow Fever Vaccination Campaign Under Way in Brazil, Nigeria...

Mass Yellow Fever Vaccination Under Way in Brazil, Nigeria
January 26, 2018 — Two of the largest mass vaccination campaigns against yellow fever ever seen in the world have begun in Nigeria and Brazil. Both campaigns, which are supported by the World Health Organization, aim to prevent the spread of the disease.

Nigeria plans to vaccinate more than 25 million people throughout the coming year, making this the largest yellow fever campaign in the country's history. In preparation, the World Health Organization has trained thousands of health care workers on how to administer the vaccine. The WHO says nearly 3,000 vaccination teams are being deployed across the states of Kogi, Kwara, Zamfara and Borno. In the case of Borno State, it says the campaign will focus on camps for internally displaced people and host communities.

WHO spokesman Tarik Jasarevic says the goal of the campaign is to reduce yellow fever transmission by achieving 90 percent coverage in those states. "It is a part of an initiative to eliminate yellow fever epidemics," he said. "As you know, we cannot … eradicate the yellow fever virus because it is being transmitted by mosquitoes. But, with the effective vaccine that exists for a number of years now, it can be prevented. So, mass vaccination is the best way to prevent outbreaks of yellow fever."

A boy cries as he receives a vaccine against yellow fever at a public health center in Sao Paulo, Brazil​

The WHO reports the mass immunization campaign launched in Brazil will deliver so-called fractional doses of yellow fever to nearly 24 million people in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Fractional dosing is a way of extending vaccine supplies so more people are protected from the spread of the disease.

A full dose of vaccine provides life-long protection against yellow fever. One-fifth of the regular dose confers immunity against the disease for at least 12 months and possibly longer. That is considered an effective short-term strategy in places where the vaccine is in short supply.

Mass Yellow Fever Vaccination Under Way in Brazil, Nigeria

 

[dfens]

I didn't know Brazilians were getting a fetish for Asian women.

 

[waltky]

Brazil gonna Vaccinate Entire Country Against Yellow Fever...

Brazil to Vaccinate Entire Country Against Yellow Fever
March 20, 2018 — Brazil's health minister says the country is expanding its campaign to vaccinate people against yellow fever to cover the entire country.

Ricardo Barros says that by including the final four of Brazil's 27 states, nearly 78 million people will have been vaccinated by 2019.

A boy cries as he receives a vaccine against yellow fever at a public health center in Sao Paulo, Brazil​

Barros told a news conference Tuesday that 920 cases of yellow fever have been reported nationwide since July 2017 and 300 people have died from the disease. During the same period last year, 610 cases and 196 deaths were reported.

U.S. health officials last week warned travelers to stay away from certain areas of Brazil if they haven't been vaccinated against yellow fever. The virus can be spread by the same mosquito that transmits other tropical diseases, including Zika and dengue.

Brazil to Vaccinate Entire Country Against Yellow Fever

 

[frigidweirdo]

Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil attributed to climate change...

Climate shift brings back an old scourge as Brazil races to contain yellow fever outbreak
Saturday 4th February, 2017 - Brazilian health authorities are rushing to try to control an outbreak of yellow fever, a viral relic of the colonial era. But the disease is back and killing people at a rate not seen for decades, and experts say it is being driven by some of the same factors that have fuelled the outbreak of Zika virus, a new threat that has wrought havoc in Brazil over the past two years.

Fifty-two people have died of yellow fever so far, in an outbreak that began with the onset of Southern Hemisphere summer in December, and another 80 deaths are being investigated as suspected yellow fever fatalities, according to the Ministry of Health. The Ministry says that a further 667 suspected cases of the disease are under analysis. Public health officials have inoculated five million people in the central state of Minas Gerais, where almost all the cases have been concentrated, and ordered 11.5 million more doses of the vaccine for two more areas where a handful of cases have been confirmed, including Sao Paulo, the country’s most populous state. A suspected yellow fever case has also been reported in Bahia, a coastal state that has not recorded the disease since 1985.

Most people who contract yellow fever have no symptoms; only about 10 per cent develop the fever, severe headache, nausea and vomiting. Of these, about half will die. Yellow fever is still a major killer in Africa, where it originated, and it was once a scourge throughout the Americas after it was imported on slave ships. It decimated Napoleon’s army in Haiti, nearly scuppered the construction of the Panama Canal, and took hundreds of thousands of lives before a vaccine was found in the late 1930s. Since then, deaths have dropped steadily; the disease typically flares up Brazil in seven-year cycles, but with fewer than 20 deaths. This outbreak, however, is already much more lethal, and experts appear divided on whether it is now fully controlled.

Yellow fever is caused by a flavivirus (the same family as Zika and dengue fever) and is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes and Haemogogus species. The mosquitoes feed on primates – human and otherwise – and the first sign that the disease was back in Brazil was the discovery of clusters of dead monkeys. At present, epidemiologists say, Brazil has a “wild” outbreak: the virus was in a reservoir of monkeys that passed it on to mosquitoes that bit them, which then spread it to more monkeys, and then more mosquitoes. Biologists call this “amplifying” the virus. Monkeys are its primary host, but some of those infected mosquitoes bit people, who were working in or passing through the forest homes of the monkeys.

The top priority now is to stop the outbreak from becoming “urban,” Brazil’s Health Minister, Ricardo Barros, said recently, urging people to seek vaccinations. If the virus gets firmly established in urban areas in mosquito species that live primarily around humans, and can rapidly spread the virus between them (as Aedes aegypti does with Zika virus), it raises the possibility of a huge epidemic of the kind Brazil has not seen for nearly a century, he said. The three deaths recorded in Sao Paulo so far were among people who were infected in Minas Gerais, the Health Minister said.

MORE

Potentially it's climate change, but potentially it's a similar issue, but different. Humans' complacency.

In Thailand and that area there's a mosquito with malaria that's resistant to any drugs that exist.

I think the amount of antibiotics we're using, we're going to end up back in the 18th Century in terms of death in the near future.

Scientists: overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture endangers humans

"its own data shows that 80% of all antimicrobial drugs sold nationally are used in animal agriculture."