World Warming... yeah, you were deceived!!

[marcell]

I used Google to translate it faster. So if there are mistakes, it's google's fault, not mine.

The lie of anthropogenic ozone hole

Carbon dioxide (CO2) "villain" of the 21st century, responsible for global warming would actually be the gas of life. This is the theory held by climatologist Carlos Luis Molion, physical post-doctorate in England, more than 40 years of experience in climate studies on the planet, with 25 of these in front of the INPE (National Institute for Space Research), and Representative of South American countries in the Commission of Climatology of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

According Molion, the emission of CO2 by humans is negligible against the amount released into the atmosphere by nature. "The natural flows - oceans, soil, vegetation - release 200 billion tons of CO2 annually into the atmosphere and human activity releases 6 billion tons. His thesis is based on the principle that the earth has a natural cycle of warming and cooling that lasts an average of 60 years. "The variations are not repetitive and cyclical. There is a period in which the sun passes from minimum to maximum activity, "he says.

For the researcher, between 1940 and 1960 the earth passed through a period of high solar activity and now the sun begins to go to the new minimum will occur between 2020 and 2032, following the solar cycle of 90-100 years. "After 1960 it was a planned reduction of O3, since for the increase of the ozone layer is necessary to ultraviolet radiation (UV). It is obvious that after a maximum is a minimum. So, developed countries, and that dominate global trade, have used this scientific knowledge, which is not the domain of policy makers to exploit poor countries, notably the tropical, requiring refrigeration at low cost by eliminating CFCs ".

According Molion, the crime they committed is that become public domain and not paying more property rights. "The oligopoly that holds the patents on CFC substitutes is made by Allied Chemical Corp. (USA), Du Pont (Canada), Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI, England), Atochem (Elf Group, France) and Hoechst (Germany), all they pay income taxes in their countries of origin. In the 1990s a pound of CFC cost $ 1.70 and today the replacement may cost more than $ 35.00 for the final consumer, "he explains.
The hypothesis of Professor emerged in the 1970s when he noted that the CFC molecules are five to seven times heavier than air and had to be taken up to 40-50 km altitude in the stratosphere, where is the reaction of formation of ozone . "The measurements made by NASA with planes flying in the lower stratosphere could not detect even one molecule of O3 in the region. How would reach 50km altitude? "Explains Molion.

The World Health adopts the limit of 50 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for O3, or 100 micrograms per cubic meter (for O3, 1ppbv = 2 micrograms per m3). Already, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency adopts 75ppbv for an exposure time of 8 hours.

"Due to its high oxidizing power, the O3 reacts with virtually all other gases. In environments polluted by vehicle exhaust gases in large cities, the nitrogen reacts with O3, NOx actually forming it is harmful to health. Large cities like Sao Paulo and Belo Horizonte, especially in winter and with poor ventilation, may have concentrations above 200 micrograms per m3. In the Amazon rainforest during the 1985 and 1987 experiments, we measured natural concentrations of up to 40 ppbv during the day, dropping to less than 10ppbv night. During the dry season, from August to September, during the fires in the Midwest, has been measured concentrations above 80 ppbv. Therefore, we see that not only in large cities that the problem exists, "he says.

Thus, the heating will be local and not global, as many contend. This is due to the urbanization of cities and the formation of so-called heat islands that make air temperatures 3 ° C to 5 ° C higher in large urban centers when compared to its surroundings. "With the change of surface coverage of vegetation for fields with asphalt and concrete, evapo-transpiration is reduced and plenty more heat to warm the air near the surface, raising its temperature," explains meteorologist.

However, according Molion, it is important to reduce the pollution that people have a better quality of life. "I'm all for a good network of public transportation in major cities, a good subway system complete with trolley. Here in Brazil, work, because most of our electricity comes from one of the most clean and that there is more environmentally friendly, hydroelectricity. In this way, the "fuel" is water and the "supplier" is the hydrological cycle. As there no water in the seas and warmth of the sun, the hydrological cycle will not end. "

Molion still alert for the replacement of HFC. "I began to say that the replacements for CFCs, HFCs, and also destroy O3 gases that will be required, substitutes for substitutes. That's because HFCs have their patents winning the next five years and, of course, industrialized countries can not live without exploiting others, since they have neither the energy or natural resources. The ozone will return to peak levels between 2050 and 2060, when presented with new solar maximum. And then the "recovery" of the ozone layer will merit of substitutes for substitutes, but social inequality will be greater in a world with a restored ozone layer, "the scientist concludes.

 

[waltky]

Granny says, "Dat's right - one day we all gonna wake up an' there won't be no air to breathe, den we all gonna die...

Arctic ozone loss at record level
2 October 2011 - Ozone loss over the Arctic this year was so severe that for the first time it could be called an "ozone hole" like the Antarctic one, scientists report.

About 20km (13 miles) above the ground, 80% of the ozone was lost, they say. The cause was an unusually long spell of cold weather at altitude. In cold conditions, the chlorine chemicals that destroy ozone are at their most active. It is currently impossible to predict if such losses will occur again, the team writes in the journal Nature. Early data on the scale of Arctic ozone destruction were released in April, but the Nature paper is the first that has fully analysed the data. "Winter in the Arctic stratosphere is highly variable - some are warm, some are cold," said Michelle Santee from Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). "But over the last few decades, the winters that are cold have been getting colder.

"So given that trend and the high variability, we'd anticipate that we'll have other cold ones, and if that happens while chlorine levels are high, we'd anticipate that we'd have severe ozone loss." Ozone-destroying chemicals originate in substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that came into use late last century in appliances including refrigerators and fire extinguishers. Their destructive effects were first documented in the Antarctic, which now sees severe ozone depletion in each of its winters. Their use was progressively restricted and then eliminated by the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its successors. The ozone layer blocks ultraviolet-B rays from the Sun, which can cause skin cancer and other medical conditions.

Longer, not colder

Winter temperatures in the Arctic stratosphere do not generally fall as low as at the southern end of the world. No records for low temperature were set this year, but the air remained at its coldest for an unusually long period of time, and covered an unusually large area. In addition, the polar vortex was stronger than usual. Here, winds circulate around the edge of the Arctic region, somewhat isolating it from the main world weather systems. "Why [all this] occurred will take years of detailed study," said Dr Santee. "It was continuously cold from December through April, and that has never happened before in the Arctic in the instrumental record." The size and position of the ozone hole changed over time, as the vortex moved northwards or southwards over different regions.

Some monitoring stations in northern Europe and Russia recorded enhanced levels of ultraviolet-B penetration, though it is not clear that this posed any risk to human health. While the Arctic was setting records, the Antarctic ozone hole is relatively stable from year to year. This year has seen ozone-depleting conditions extending a little later into the southern hemisphere spring than usual - again, as a result of unusual weather conditions. Chlorine compounds persist for decades in the upper atmosphere, meaning that it will probably be mid-century before the ozone layer is restored to its pre-industrial health.

BBC News - Arctic ozone loss at record level

 

[waltky]

Big as all of New York City...

Huge chunk of Antarctic ice sheet set to break free
November 4, 2011 : A 300-square-mile portion of the Pine Island Glacier is expected to break off in the next few months, creating a massive Antarctic iceberg. The glacier is contributing the sea-level rise.

Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier is preparing to shed a 300-square-mile chunk of its ice to the ocean in a process of ice loss that has been accelerating in recent years. Even at 300 square miles, the chunk is modest by historical standards. In 1956, for instance, the crew of the icebreaker USS Glacier spotted a Belgium-sized berg from Antarctica floating near Scott Island in the South Pacific Ocean. Still, the Pine Island Glacier's losses probably represent Antarctica's largest contribution so far to global sea-level rise, notes Hamish Prichard, a researcher with the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, England. The glacier is a key outlet for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, one of the continent's two major ice caps and a significant source of concern for long-term sea-level rise as the globe's climate warms. Carbon-dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels and from land-use changes are seen by most climate scientists as a key driver behind the warming trend, particularly during the past 30 to 40 years.

In one study, published in January in the journal Nature Geoscience, a team of Canadian scientists has projected that even if CO2 emissions end by 2100, stabilizing global average temperatures, the warming will have set up long-term circulation changes in the ocean that will continue to warm the waters around Antarctica for thousands of years. If this were to happen, the researchers estimate, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet would collapse by the year 3000, raising sea levels by several meters. Scientists estimate that the cracks formed in late September or early October. An overflight Oct. 26 revealed an 18-mile-long fissure some 240 feet across and from 165 to 190 feet deep – essentially down to sea level. If the chunk breaks off during the next few months, as expected, the ice shelf that forms the seaward end of the glacier will have retreated to its farthest point since researchers first began keeping track in the 1940s, NASA scientists say. Glaciologists "are only starting to understand why the glacier is changing now," says Dr. Prichard in an e-mail exchange. The lead suspect is relatively warm ocean water – so-called circumpolar deep water – that is warm enough to melt the underside of the ice shelf.

Typically, ice shelves are grounded against rises in the sea floor near the coast. But warm seawater has been melting the underside of Pine Island Glacier's shelf, separating the shelf's bottom from the rise and allowing the once-grounded section of the shelf to float free. This allows additional warm water to cross the top of the rise and pool behind it, melting more of the shelf's underside. As the shelf thins from the bottom, the weaker, unanchored ice grows more vulnerable to stresses imposed by the rising and falling of the tides. Prichard notes that this crack is forming in a general location where the shelf tends to break about once every decade. "So we'd expect to see a large iceberg [there] sometime soon," he says. But, he adds, "it will be really interesting to see if the ice shelf recovers this time and regrows to its current size."

His research shows the ice shelf getting thinner and probably weaker over time. If it becomes smaller as well, it "would allow Pine Island Glacier to continue its trend of acceleration" and a increase its contribution to sea-level rise. Scientists discovered the crack as they flew over the area during a sortie with NASA's Operation IceBridge. It's a research program that is bridging a gap between the unexpected demise of the agency's IceSat satellite and the expected launch of IceSat 2 in 2016. NASA is flying over key regions of Antarctica and Greenland with an instrument-laden DC-8 jet to gather the same kind of data IceSat collected. The project also includes a Gulfstream V jet operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo.

Source

 

[Mr.Nick]

I love how the progressives hijack a perfectly normal geological fact and turn it into a crisis...

That's how they recruit nuts..

 

[Mr.Nick]

I suppose everyone will die by drowning if the idiots don't do what the elitist dems say???

 

[waltky]

Granny says dey gonna chop down alla trees an' den we won't have no air to breathe - den we all gonna die...

Why deforesters could soon have freer rein in the Amazon
December 9, 2011 - Despite overwhelming support among the Brazilian public for harsh measures against illegal deforesters, Brazil's Congress looks set to loosen deforestation restrictions instead. Why?

The Código Forestal or Forest Code now being debated in Congress will determine the future of Brazil’s forests, including the world’s last great rainforest, the Amazon. In order to make good on a 1965 forest code that was rarely if ever enforced, President Dilma Rousseff introduced strong legislation in 2010. Legislators in the Lower House then weakened the bill substantially, and after being approved with minor alterations in the Senate, it is now heading back to the Lower House for congressional sanction.

The bill “constitutes one of the worst regressions for environmental legislation in Brazil,” according to Marina Silva, the rebellious Minister of the Environment under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and the third place candidate in the last presidential election. The Forest Code’s policy example illustrates how representational democracy is not translating citizen interests into law, a universal problem that travels far beyond Brazil.

What Brazilians Want Done

One the country’s leading pollsters surveyed 1,268 citizens across Brazil about the Forest Code in early 2010. They found high public approval for harsh measures against illegal forestry, as reflected by the bill President Rousseff sent to Congress in early 2010. An overwhelming 98 percent of respondents supported the President’s measures and rejected a proposed amendment in the Lower House to grant amnesty for offending deforesters. It is estimated that amnesty for those who deforested between 1998 and 2009 will disclaim 8 billion reais, according to Greenpeace – a huge loss for tax payers.

Yet despite overwhelming public opinion in favor of stricter environmental measures, a huge loss in tax revenue, and the principle of accountability – making lawbreakers pay for their actions – legislators chose to favor the interests of big agro-business. No wonder – the Folha de São Paulo recently reported that agro-interests spent over 15 million reais (nearly $9 million) to stuff the party coffers of 50 representatives deliberating on the bill. Donating companies spent 42 percent more on lobbying in the past two years than they contributed to candidates during the entire 2006 presidential election. The largest donor was the cellulose industry (paper), which donated 4.7 million reais. Influential governors, such as Bahia’s Jacques Wagner (PT), received 4 million reais.

A Weaker Forest Code

See also:

NASA: Earth's Prehistoric Record Warns of Nearing Rapid Climate Change
December 10, 2011 - A new U.S. space agency study warns the Earth this century could see rapid and catastrophic climate changes if man-made global warming levels are allowed to reach an internationally-recognized so-called “safe limit” of two degrees Celsius.

The NASA researchers examined prehistoric climate conditions during past interglacial periods - the time between ice ages - and compared them with the interglacial period the Earth is currently experiencing. The last interglacial period ended around 115,000 years ago when temperatures were less than one degree Celsius warmer than today, and sea levels were six meters higher. The scientists say looking at how the prehistoric climate responded to natural changes gives them more insight into determining a dangerous level of man-made global warming for today’s world.

NASA study leader James Hansen says the findings show that Earth’s climate is more sensitive than even recent estimates suggest. He described the notion of limiting man-made global warming to an increase of two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels as “a prescription for disaster.” Recent studies, including those by NASA, indicate the average global surface temperature since 1880 has gone up 0.8 degrees Celsius and is on course to continue rising by 0.1 degrees every decade.

NASA researchers say global warming of two degrees Celsius would more closely match conditions of an interglacial period that occurred some five million years ago when seas were about 25 meters higher than today. For decades, a two-degree Celsius rise above pre-industrial age levels in average global surface temperatures was considered a safe margin. Many scientists now advocate a threshold of one degree or less and say more has to be done to decrease global warming caused by human activity, such as burning fossil fuels.

Developing and wealthy nations, however, remain deeply divided over how to reduce man-made emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. An interglacial geologic period, such as the one Earth is now having, occurs when the North and South Poles are frozen, but glaciers do not dominate the rest of the planet. Scientists call the current interglacial period the Holocene epoch. The previous interglacial period is known as the Eemian epoch.

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