Zone1 The Government Had the Solution to Racial Inequality 56 Years Ago

[IM2]

On July 28, 1967, President Lyndon Johnson established the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. The more common name for this is The Kerner Commission. . The Kerner Commission report was perhaps the most definitive government study done on race in the history of this nation.

The Kerner Commission was created to find out why the racial unrest happened. Instead of blaming blacks for being angry about how they were treated and inventing terms like victim mentality, the commission took a long hard look at American societal issues. The bottom line is that the Kerner Commission determined in 1968 what blacks already knew and what whites refused to hear. This quote from Nathaniel Jones, Assistant General Counsel for the Commission says it all, “One of the conclusions of the Kerner Report was that white racism was at work, was the cause of the upsets and the uprisings that we had. In fact, the report stated that white society created it, perpetuates it, and sustains it.”

In other words, “The root cause of the problems blacks face is white racism.” That conclusion made it possible for much of white America to ignore the findings. Once whites felt as if they were to blame for the conditions of black people in America, they resisted the conclusions of this study. President Johnson called for the research but never implemented the suggested actions. He wasted government money by increasing spending on the Vietnam war and claimed he did not have the funds to implement the types of programs proposed in the report.

As a result of this study, the commission identified 12 grievances in all the communities they visited: “1. Police practices. 2. Unemployment and underemployment. 3. Inadequate housing. 4. Inadequate education. 5. Poor recreation facilities and programs. 6. Ineffectiveness of the political structure and grievance mechanisms. 7. Disrespectful white attitudes. 8. Discriminatory administration of justice. 9. Inadequacy of federal programs. 10. Inadequacy of municipal services. 11. Discriminatory consumer and credit practices. 12. Inadequate welfare programs.”

Americans would be hard-pressed to say the grievances presented by the commission do not still exist. In fact, Richard Rothstein of the Economic Policy Institute wrote an op-ed published in the February 28, 2018 edition of the New York Daily News titled, “50 years after the Kerner Commission, minimal racial progress.” After studying the Kerner Report, Rothstein stated: “So little has changed since 1968 that the report remains worth reading as a near-contemporary description of racial inequality.”

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened​

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

www.smithsonianmag.com

So lets look at some of the suggestions in the Kerner Commission Report.

http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf

 

[excalibur]

South Africa 30 years on.

 

[NewsVine_Mariyam]

On July 28, 1967, President Lyndon Johnson established the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. The more common name for this is The Kerner Commission. . The Kerner Commission report was perhaps the most definitive government study done on race in the history of this nation.

The Kerner Commission was created to find out why the racial unrest happened. Instead of blaming blacks for being angry about how they were treated and inventing terms like victim mentality, the commission took a long hard look at American societal issues. The bottom line is that the Kerner Commission determined in 1968 what blacks already knew and what whites refused to hear. This quote from Nathaniel Jones, Assistant General Counsel for the Commission says it all, “One of the conclusions of the Kerner Report was that white racism was at work, was the cause of the upsets and the uprisings that we had. In fact, the report stated that white society created it, perpetuates it, and sustains it.”

In other words, “The root cause of the problems blacks face is white racism.” That conclusion made it possible for much of white America to ignore the findings. Once whites felt as if they were to blame for the conditions of black people in America, they resisted the conclusions of this study. President Johnson called for the research but never implemented the suggested actions. He wasted government money by increasing spending on the Vietnam war and claimed he did not have the funds to implement the types of programs proposed in the report.

As a result of this study, the commission identified 12 grievances in all the communities they visited: “1. Police practices. 2. Unemployment and underemployment. 3. Inadequate housing. 4. Inadequate education. 5. Poor recreation facilities and programs. 6. Ineffectiveness of the political structure and grievance mechanisms. 7. Disrespectful white attitudes. 8. Discriminatory administration of justice. 9. Inadequacy of federal programs. 10. Inadequacy of municipal services. 11. Discriminatory consumer and credit practices. 12. Inadequate welfare programs.”

Americans would be hard-pressed to say the grievances presented by the commission do not still exist. In fact, Richard Rothstein of the Economic Policy Institute wrote an op-ed published in the February 28, 2018 edition of the New York Daily News titled, “50 years after the Kerner Commission, minimal racial progress.” After studying the Kerner Report, Rothstein stated: “So little has changed since 1968 that the report remains worth reading as a near-contemporary description of racial inequality.”

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened​

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

www.smithsonianmag.com

So lets look at some of the suggestions in the Kerner Commission Report.

http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf

“One of the conclusions of the Kerner Report was that white racism was at work, was the cause of the upsets and the uprisings that we had. In fact, the report stated that white society created it, perpetuates it, and sustains it.”

Notice the writer was not speaking in the past tense. And while this bears repeating do you think that it will even dawn upon any of the nay sayers here, that this question wasn't posed to Black Americans therefore one cannot claim that it's only the continuation of Black grievances and victimization.

It was a study commissioned by our federal government and its author is a white former governor of Illinois. You do realize that it had to be, right? I mean they wouldn't have allowed any Black people to conduct an investigation into the racism of whites right? (rhetorical, no answer needed)

 

[IM2]

“One of the conclusions of the Kerner Report was that white racism was at work, was the cause of the upsets and the uprisings that we had. In fact, the report stated that white society created it, perpetuates it, and sustains it.”

Notice the writer was not speaking in the past tense. And while this bears repeating do you think that it will even dawn upon any of the nay sayers here, that this question wasn't posed to Black Americans therefore one cannot claim that it's only the continuation of Black grievances and victimization.

It was a study commissioned by our federal government and its author is a white former governor of Illinois. You do realize that it had to be, right? I mean they wouldn't have allowed any Black people to conduct an investigation into the racism of whites right? (rhetorical, no answer needed)

These guys are willful and know that as long as they oppose these things, they can continue having an advantage. They are not about merit. But you already know that.

 

[Orangecat]

What? Things were worse 57 years ago?

Pass the ketchup.

 

[Mac-7]

The United States is far different thsn it was in 1967

In 2024 black people can succeed if they are willing to take the rights steps in their life

Blue collar trades as well as higher education are open to them if they are willing to take advantage of the opportunity

But they wont get there without personal responsibility

 

[Hector12]

The Kerner Commission claimed that whites who obeyed the law were somehow forcing blacks to break the laws.

 

[el midgetron]

The “government had a solution”…..



I like how IM2 blames the government for the condition of the black community but also still believes the government will solve the problems in the black community.

 

[Hector12]

The “government had a solution”…..



I like how IM2 blames the government for the condition of the black community but also still believes the government will solve the problems in the black community.

This is the reason for the problems in the black community.

A Conversation with Arthur Jensen​

Arthur Jensen is Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is perhaps the world’s best-known scholar in the field of racial differences in intelligence. Ever since 1969, when his article, “How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?”, appeared in the Harvard Educational Review, he has been at the center of what is probably the most controversial of all academic fields. Prof. Jensen has been widely reviled, but his patient research and keen analysis have now won a position of near-unanimity for his views — at least among specialists.

What follow are excerpts from a several-hour conversation with Prof. Jensen, in which he talks about race, intelligence, sex differences, eugenics, and the future of the United States..

Arthur Jensen: But the black population in this country is in a sense burdened by the large number of persons who are at a level of g that is no longer very relevant to a highly industrialized, technological society. Once you get below IQs of 80 or 75, which is the cut-off for mental retardation in the California School System, children are put into special classes. These persons are not really educable up to a level for which there’s any economic demand. The question is, what do you do about them? They have higher birth-rates than the other end of the distribution.

People are shocked and disbelieving when you tell them that about one in four blacks in our population are in that category — below 75.

 

[IM2]

And the usual suspects come with the same idiocy.

You guys don't want solutions. This quote is accurate:

“There is another class of white people who make a business of keeping the advantages of whites maintained by gaslighting the public into a belief that white racism is now an illusion and that it is whites who face anti-white racism. … Some of these people do not want whites to lose preference, because they do not want to lose their jobs … There is a certain class of white race- “problem solvers” who don’t want America to get well.”

 

[Lisa558]

On July 28, 1967, President Lyndon Johnson established the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. The more common name for this is The Kerner Commission. . The Kerner Commission report was perhaps the most definitive government study done on race in the history of this nation.

The Kerner Commission was created to find out why the racial unrest happened. Instead of blaming blacks for being angry about how they were treated and inventing terms like victim mentality, the commission took a long hard look at American societal issues. The bottom line is that the Kerner Commission determined in 1968 what blacks already knew and what whites refused to hear. This quote from Nathaniel Jones, Assistant General Counsel for the Commission says it all, “One of the conclusions of the Kerner Report was that white racism was at work, was the cause of the upsets and the uprisings that we had. In fact, the report stated that white society created it, perpetuates it, and sustains it.”

In other words, “The root cause of the problems blacks face is white racism.” That conclusion made it possible for much of white America to ignore the findings. Once whites felt as if they were to blame for the conditions of black people in America, they resisted the conclusions of this study. President Johnson called for the research but never implemented the suggested actions. He wasted government money by increasing spending on the Vietnam war and claimed he did not have the funds to implement the types of programs proposed in the report.

As a result of this study, the commission identified 12 grievances in all the communities they visited: “1. Police practices. 2. Unemployment and underemployment. 3. Inadequate housing. 4. Inadequate education. 5. Poor recreation facilities and programs. 6. Ineffectiveness of the political structure and grievance mechanisms. 7. Disrespectful white attitudes. 8. Discriminatory administration of justice. 9. Inadequacy of federal programs. 10. Inadequacy of municipal services. 11. Discriminatory consumer and credit practices. 12. Inadequate welfare programs.”

Americans would be hard-pressed to say the grievances presented by the commission do not still exist. In fact, Richard Rothstein of the Economic Policy Institute wrote an op-ed published in the February 28, 2018 edition of the New York Daily News titled, “50 years after the Kerner Commission, minimal racial progress.” After studying the Kerner Report, Rothstein stated: “So little has changed since 1968 that the report remains worth reading as a near-contemporary description of racial inequality.”

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened​

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

www.smithsonianmag.com

So lets look at some of the suggestions in the Kerner Commission Report.

http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf

1) Stop having 73% of babies out of wedlock, and watch your other problems like a high crime rate and high poverty rate plummet.

2) Finish high school, and take advantage of a Pell Grant to get some job training.

I mean, really….if impoverished Jews fleeing Russian pograms could come to these shores, not even speaking English!!, and living in cold-water tenements, could see their children as college graduates with nice houses in the suburbs, then blacks can do it too - given that they already speak English, and have had two generations of favoritism.

 

[Hector12]

1) Stop having 73% of babies out of wedlock, and watch your other problems like a high crime rate and high poverty rate plummet.

2) Finish high school, and take advantage of a Pell Grant to get some job training.

I mean, really….if impoverished Jews fleeing Russian pograms could come to these shores, not even speaking English!!, and living in cold-water tenements, could see their children as college graduates with nice houses in the suburbs, then blacks can do it too - given that they already speak English, and have had two generations of favoritism.

Whites are not responsible for black problems. Negroes are responsible for their problems and many of ours. Imagine how much better the United States would be if there were virtually no Negroes here. Then think of what a crime infested pit the U.S. would be if nearly everyone was black.

 

[el midgetron]

Then think of what a crime infested pit the U.S. would be if nearly everyone was black.

no need to imagine, it’s called South Africa.

 

[Libby von H]

On July 28, 1967, President Lyndon Johnson established the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. The more common name for this is The Kerner Commission. . The Kerner Commission report was perhaps the most definitive government study done on race in the history of this nation.

The Kerner Commission was created to find out why the racial unrest happened. Instead of blaming blacks for being angry about how they were treated and inventing terms like victim mentality, the commission took a long hard look at American societal issues. The bottom line is that the Kerner Commission determined in 1968 what blacks already knew and what whites refused to hear. This quote from Nathaniel Jones, Assistant General Counsel for the Commission says it all, “One of the conclusions of the Kerner Report was that white racism was at work, was the cause of the upsets and the uprisings that we had. In fact, the report stated that white society created it, perpetuates it, and sustains it.”

In other words, “The root cause of the problems blacks face is white racism.” That conclusion made it possible for much of white America to ignore the findings. Once whites felt as if they were to blame for the conditions of black people in America, they resisted the conclusions of this study. President Johnson called for the research but never implemented the suggested actions. He wasted government money by increasing spending on the Vietnam war and claimed he did not have the funds to implement the types of programs proposed in the report.

As a result of this study, the commission identified 12 grievances in all the communities they visited: “1. Police practices. 2. Unemployment and underemployment. 3. Inadequate housing. 4. Inadequate education. 5. Poor recreation facilities and programs. 6. Ineffectiveness of the political structure and grievance mechanisms. 7. Disrespectful white attitudes. 8. Discriminatory administration of justice. 9. Inadequacy of federal programs. 10. Inadequacy of municipal services. 11. Discriminatory consumer and credit practices. 12. Inadequate welfare programs.”

Americans would be hard-pressed to say the grievances presented by the commission do not still exist. In fact, Richard Rothstein of the Economic Policy Institute wrote an op-ed published in the February 28, 2018 edition of the New York Daily News titled, “50 years after the Kerner Commission, minimal racial progress.” After studying the Kerner Report, Rothstein stated: “So little has changed since 1968 that the report remains worth reading as a near-contemporary description of racial inequality.”

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened​

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

www.smithsonianmag.com

So lets look at some of the suggestions in the Kerner Commission Report.

http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf

Bkut that was what was wrong with the commission, poverty is now easily identified in its main causes
THe breakdown of the family
The disastrous decline in Black population from abortion
THe lack of school choice for almost all Blacks
And the incentives to societal breakdown in welfare schemes

.

The steady expansion of welfare programs can be taken as a measure of the steady disintegration of the Negro family structure over the past generation in the United States.

Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Democrat

 

[IM2]

Lets look at some things the Kerner Commission found.

Chapter 9--Comparing the Immigrant and Negro Experience

In this chapter, we address ourselves to a fundamental question that many white Americans are asking: why have so many Negroes, unlike the European immigrants, been unable to escape from the ghetto and from poverty. We believe the following factors play a part:

* The Maturing Economy: When the European immigrants arrived, they gained an economic foothold by providing the unskilled labor needed by industry. Unlike the immigrant, the Negro migrant found little opportunity in the city. The economy, by then matured, had little use for the unskilled labor he had to offer.

*The Disability of Race: The structure of discrimination has stringently narrowed opportunities for the Negro and restricted his prospects. European immigrants suffered from discrimination, but never so pervasively. .

* Entry into the Political System: The immigrants usually settled in rapidly growing cities with powerful and expanding political machines, which traded economic advantages for political support. Ward-level grievance machinery, as well as personal representation, enabled the immigrant to make his voice heard and his power felt. By the time the Negro arrived, these political machines were no longer so powerful or so well equipped to provide jobs or other favors, and in many cases were unwilling to share their influence with Negroes.

* Cultural Factors: Coming from societies with a low standard of living and at a time when job aspirations were low, the immigrants sensed little deprivation in being forced to take the less desirable and poorer-paying jobs. Their large and cohesive families contributed to total income. Their vision of the future--one that led to a life outside of the ghetto--provided the incentive necessary to endure the present.

Although Negro men worked as hard as the immigrants, they were unable to support their families. The entrepreneurial opportunities had vanished. As a result of slavery and long periods of unemployment, the Negro family structure had become matriarchal; the males played a secondary and marginal family role--one which offered little compensation for their hard and unrewarding labor. Above all, segregation denied Negroes access to good jobs and the opportunity to leave the ghetto. For them, the future seemed to lead only to a dead end.

https://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf

This is what people said who had actualy studied the situation, not idiots on talk rado, college drop outs with loud mouths, or uneducated riff raff on an online forum.

So I will repost this:

" On February 26, 2018, 50 years after the Kerner Commission findings, the Economic Policy Institute published a report evaluating the progress of the black community since the Kerner Report was released. The study compared the improvement in black communities in 2018 with the black community at the time of the Kerner Commission. Titled “50 Years After the Kerner Commission,” the study concluded that there had been some improvements in the situation blacks faced, but blacks still faced disadvantages based on race.

Following up on this, Richard Rothstein of the Economic Policy Institute wrote an op-ed published in the February 28 edition of the New York Daily News titled, “50 years after the Kerner Commission, minimal racial progress.” After studying the Kerner Report, Rothstein stated: “So little has changed since 1968 that the report remains worth reading as a near-contemporary description of racial inequality.”

-Get Your Knee off Our Necks, pg. 9-10.

So then what we see is that the conditions the Kerner Commission pointed out still existed 50 years later. Therefore what caused the conditions-white racism- was still the problem.

 

[Hector12]

Says the poster who has to lie about being a computer programmer.

We already ARE better off without you.

American Negroes are better off than Negroes in black majority, black run countries. Without white tutelage you are Haiti.

 

[Hector12]

Lets look at some things the Kerner Commission found.

The Kerner Commission ignored average intelligence differences between whites and blacks, and crime rates.

 

[Libby von H]

Lets look at some things the Kerner Commission found.

Chapter 9--Comparing the Immigrant and Negro Experience

In this chapter, we address ourselves to a fundamental question that many white Americans are asking: why have so many Negroes, unlike the European immigrants, been unable to escape from the ghetto and from poverty. We believe the following factors play a part:

* The Maturing Economy: When the European immigrants arrived, they gained an economic foothold by providing the unskilled labor needed by industry. Unlike the immigrant, the Negro migrant found little opportunity in the city. The economy, by then matured, had little use for the unskilled labor he had to offer.

*The Disability of Race: The structure of discrimination has stringently narrowed opportunities for the Negro and restricted his prospects. European immigrants suffered from discrimination, but never so pervasively. .

* Entry into the Political System: The immigrants usually settled in rapidly growing cities with powerful and expanding political machines, which traded economic advantages for political support. Ward-level grievance machinery, as well as personal representation, enabled the immigrant to make his voice heard and his power felt. By the time the Negro arrived, these political machines were no longer so powerful or so well equipped to provide jobs or other favors, and in many cases were unwilling to share their influence with Negroes.

* Cultural Factors: Coming from societies with a low standard of living and at a time when job aspirations were low, the immigrants sensed little deprivation in being forced to take the less desirable and poorer-paying jobs. Their large and cohesive families contributed to total income. Their vision of the future--one that led to a life outside of the ghetto--provided the incentive necessary to endure the present.

Although Negro men worked as hard as the immigrants, they were unable to support their families. The entrepreneurial opportunities had vanished. As a result of slavery and long periods of unemployment, the Negro family structure had become matriarchal; the males played a secondary and marginal family role--one which offered little compensation for their hard and unrewarding labor. Above all, segregation denied Negroes access to good jobs and the opportunity to leave the ghetto. For them, the future seemed to lead only to a dead end.

https://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf

This is what people said who had actualy studied the situation, not idiots on talk rado, college drop outs with loud mouths, or uneducated riff raff on an online forum.

So I will repost this:

" On February 26, 2018, 50 years after the Kerner Commission findings, the Economic Policy Institute published a report evaluating the progress of the black community since the Kerner Report was released. The study compared the improvement in black communities in 2018 with the black community at the time of the Kerner Commission. Titled “50 Years After the Kerner Commission,” the study concluded that there had been some improvements in the situation blacks faced, but blacks still faced disadvantages based on race.

Following up on this, Richard Rothstein of the Economic Policy Institute wrote an op-ed published in the February 28 edition of the New York Daily News titled, “50 years after the Kerner Commission, minimal racial progress.” After studying the Kerner Report, Rothstein stated: “So little has changed since 1968 that the report remains worth reading as a near-contemporary description of racial inequality.”

-Get Your Knee off Our Necks, pg. 9-10.

So then what we see is that the conditions the Kerner Commission pointed out still existed 50 years later. Therefore what caused the conditions-white racism- was still the problem.

Look, you are Uncle Tommin things here.I KNOW because I was there that it was Blacks (specifically Obama and Holder)who urged the killing and looting and general hate in Ferguson, MO. IT was tense but I knew and heard Blacks at work dissing Michael Brown and themselves urging peace and settling the troubles.Then Obama and Holder generated so much hate and violence that I could never have respect for either one again. Look it up. Ferguson held a peaceful election that elected a White --- and H and O spoke AGAINST it

 

[MarathonMike]

On July 28, 1967, President Lyndon Johnson established the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. The more common name for this is The Kerner Commission. . The Kerner Commission report was perhaps the most definitive government study done on race in the history of this nation.

The Kerner Commission was created to find out why the racial unrest happened. Instead of blaming blacks for being angry about how they were treated and inventing terms like victim mentality, the commission took a long hard look at American societal issues. The bottom line is that the Kerner Commission determined in 1968 what blacks already knew and what whites refused to hear. This quote from Nathaniel Jones, Assistant General Counsel for the Commission says it all, “One of the conclusions of the Kerner Report was that white racism was at work, was the cause of the upsets and the uprisings that we had. In fact, the report stated that white society created it, perpetuates it, and sustains it.”

In other words, “The root cause of the problems blacks face is white racism.” That conclusion made it possible for much of white America to ignore the findings. Once whites felt as if they were to blame for the conditions of black people in America, they resisted the conclusions of this study. President Johnson called for the research but never implemented the suggested actions. He wasted government money by increasing spending on the Vietnam war and claimed he did not have the funds to implement the types of programs proposed in the report.

As a result of this study, the commission identified 12 grievances in all the communities they visited: “1. Police practices. 2. Unemployment and underemployment. 3. Inadequate housing. 4. Inadequate education. 5. Poor recreation facilities and programs. 6. Ineffectiveness of the political structure and grievance mechanisms. 7. Disrespectful white attitudes. 8. Discriminatory administration of justice. 9. Inadequacy of federal programs. 10. Inadequacy of municipal services. 11. Discriminatory consumer and credit practices. 12. Inadequate welfare programs.”

Americans would be hard-pressed to say the grievances presented by the commission do not still exist. In fact, Richard Rothstein of the Economic Policy Institute wrote an op-ed published in the February 28, 2018 edition of the New York Daily News titled, “50 years after the Kerner Commission, minimal racial progress.” After studying the Kerner Report, Rothstein stated: “So little has changed since 1968 that the report remains worth reading as a near-contemporary description of racial inequality.”

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened​

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened

Released 50 years ago, the infamous report found that poverty and institutional racism were driving inner-city violence

www.smithsonianmag.com

So lets look at some of the suggestions in the Kerner Commission Report.

http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf

Cheering the man who single-handedly has caused more misery for American Black people than any other? Wow, talk about drinking the Kool-Aid.

 

[IM2]

Here we are going to begin examining the recommendations from Kerner Commisson to LBJ. The right talks about LBJ'S Great Society as being the problem, but in reality LBJ knuckled under to pressure from white racists and his refusal to impement these things are what has caused the problem.

PART III—WHAT CAN BE DONE?

The Commission recommends that local governments:

* Develop Neighborhood Action Task Forces as joint community government efforts through which more effective communication can be achieved, and the delivery of city services to ghetto residents improved.

* Establish comprehensive grievance-response mechanisms in order to bring all public agencies under public scrutiny.

* Bring the institutions of local government closer to the people they serve by establishing neighborhood outlets for local, state and federal administrative and public service agencies.

* Expand opportunities for ghetto residents to participate in the formulation of public policy and the implementation of programs affecting them through improved political representation, creation of institutional channels for community action, expansion of legal services, and legislative hearings on ghetto problems.

In this effort, city governments will require state and federal support.

The Commission recommends:

* State and federal financial assistance for mayors and city councils to support the research, consultants, staff and other resources needed to respond effectively to federal program initiatives.

* State cooperation in providing municipalities with the jurisdictional tools needed to deal with their problems; a fuller measure of financial aid to urban areas; and the focusing of the interests of suburban communities on the physical, social and cultural environment of the central city.

Chapter 11--Police and the Community

The abrasive relationship between the police and the minority communities has been a major-and explosive-source of grievance, tension and disorder. The blame must be shared by the total society.

The police are faced with demands for increased protection and service in the ghetto. Yet the aggressive patrol practices thought necessary to meet these demands themselves create tension and hostility. The resulting grievances have been further aggravated by the lack of effective mechanisms for handling complaints against the police. Special programs for bettering police-community relations have been instituted, but these alone are not enough. Police administrators, with the guidance of public officials, and the support of the entire community, must take vigorous action to improve law enforcement arid to decrease the potential for disorder.

The Commission recommends that city government and police authorities:

* Review police operations in the ghetto to ensure proper conduct by police officers, and eliminate abrasive practices.

* Provide more adequate police protection to ghetto residents to eliminate their high sense of insecurity, and the belief of many Negro citizens in the existence of a dual standard of law enforcement.'

* Establish fair and effective mechanisms for the redress of grievances against the police, and other municipal employees.

* Develop and adopt policy guidelines to assist officers in making critical decisions in areas where police conduct can create tension.

* Develop and use innovative programs to ensure widespread community support for law enforcement.

* Recruit more Negroes into the regular police force, and review promotion policies to ensure fair promotion for Negro officers.

* Establish a "Community Service Officer" program to attract ghetto youths between the ages of 17 and 21 to police work. These junior officers would perform duties in ghetto neighborhoods, but would not have full police authority. The federal government should provide support equal to 90 percent of the costs of employing CSOs on the basis of one for every ten regular officers.

https://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/docs/kerner.pdf