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In 1913 the Mufti wasn't the Mufti, he was an 16-18 yr old youth of no importance in Ottoman regime. Haj Amin al-Husseini - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
The point is the period covered by the film starts in the middle 1800s, when the Europeans began migrating to Palestine and ends in 1913, before WW1 started. Husseini was irrelevant at the time, he was 16 years old in 1913. Born in 1897.
Does not mean anything as theattacks on the Jews had been going on since Medina. And it is a command in the Koran to "KILL THE UNBELIEVERS" and these are Jews, Christians and Hindu's. Only an islamonazi LIAR would claim that the muslims werew protecting the Jews and Christians
In 1913 the Mufti wasn't the Mufti, he was an 16-18 yr old youth of no importance in Ottoman regime. Haj Amin al-Husseini - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
The point is the period covered by the film starts in the middle 1800s, when the Europeans began migrating to Palestine and ends in 1913, before WW1 started. Husseini was irrelevant at the time, he was 16 years old in 1913. Born in 1897.
Bzzzzz wrong again, liar.
Despite the many invasions and programs, the Jews always maintained a presence and always kept coming back to their religious, spiritual, and cultural holy land.
History of Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
Byzantine period (324–638)
Jews probably constituted the majority of the population of Palestine until the 4th-century, when Constantine converted to Christianity.
Jews lived in at least forty-three Jewish communities in Palestine: twelve towns on the coast, in the Negev, and east of the Jordan, and thirty-one villages in Galilee and in the Jordan valley. The persecuted Jews of Palestine revolted twice against their Christian rulers. In the 5th century, the Western Roman Empire collapsed leading to Christian migration into Palestine and development of a Christian majority. Jews numbered 10–15% of the population. Judaism was the only non-Christian religion tolerated, but there were bans on Jews building new places of worship, holding public office or owning slaves. There were also two Samaritan revolts in this period.[65]
In 438, The Empress Eudocia removed the ban on Jews' praying at the Temple site and the heads of the Community in Galilee issued a call "to the great and mighty people of the Jews": "Know that the end of the exile of our people has come"!
In about 450, the Jerusalem Talmud was completed.
According to Procopius, in 533 Byzantine general Belisarius took the treasures of the Jewish temple from Vandals who had taken them from Rome.
In 611, Sassanid Persia invaded the Byzantine Empire. In 613, a Jewish revolt against the Byzantine Empire joined forces with these Persian invaders to capture Jerusalem in 614. The Jews gained autonomy in Jerusalem, until in 617 when the Persians betrayed agreements and withdrew their forces from the region. With return of the Byzantines in 628, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius promised to restore Jewish rights and received Jewish help in ousting the Persians with the aid of Jewish leader Benjamin of Tiberias.
Middle Ages (636–1517)After the conquest, Jewish communities began to grow and flourish. Umar allowed and encouraged Jews to settle in Jerusalem. It was first time, after almost 500 years of oppressive Christian rule, that Jews were allowed to enter and worship freely in their holy city.
In the mid-8th-century, taking advantage of the warring Islamic factions in Palestine, a false messiah named Abu Isa Obadiah of Isfahan inspired and organised a group of 10,000 armed Jews who hoped to restore the Holy Land to the Jewish nation.
In 1039, part of the synagogue in Ramla was still in ruins, probably resulting from the earthquake of 1033. Jews also returned to Rafah and documents from 1015 and 1080 attest to a significant community there.
A large Jewish community existed in Ramle and smaller communities inhabited Hebron and the coastal cities of Acre, Caesarea, Jaffa, Ashkelon and Gaza.[citation needed]Al-Muqaddasi (985) wrote that "for the most part the assayers of corn, dyers, bankers, and tanners are Jews." Under the Islamic rule, the rights of Jews and Christians were curtailed and residence was permitted upon payment of the special tax.
Between the 7th and 11th centuries, Masoretes (Jewish scribes) in the Galilee and Jerusalem were active in compiling a system of pronunciation and grammatical guides of the Hebrew language. They authorised the division of the Jewish Tanakh, known as the Masoretic Text, which is regarded as authoritative till today.
Ottoman rule (1517–1917)
The 16th-century nevertheless saw a resurgence of Jewish life in Palestine. Palestinian rabbis were instrumental producing a universally accepted manual of Jewish law and some of the most beautiful liturgical poems. Much of this activity occurred at Safed which had become a spiritual centre, a haven for mystics. Joseph Karo's comprehensive guide to Jewish law, the Shulchan Aruch, was considered so authoritative that the variant customs of German-Polish Jewry were merely added as supplement glosses. Some of the most celebrated hymns were written at in Safed by poets such as Israel Najara andSolomon Alkabetz. The town was also a centre of Jewish mysticism, notable kabbalists included Moses Cordovero and the German-born Naphtali Hertz ben Jacob Elhanan. A new method of understanding the kabbalah was developed by Palestinian mystic Isaac Luria, and espoused by his student Chaim Vital. In Safed, the Jews developed a number of branches of trade, especially in grain, spices, textiles and dyeing. In 1577, a Hebrewprinting press was established in Safed. The 8,000 or 10,000 Jews in Safed in 1555 grew to 20,000 or 30,000 by the end of the century.
Old YishuvJewish life in the Land of Israel
Key events
- Aliya of Nachmanides (1267)
- Hebron and Safed massacres (1517)
- Revival of Tiberias (1563)
- Sack of Tiberias (1660)
- Hebron massacre (1834)
- Safed attack (1838)
- Jerusalem expansion
- Petach Tikva founded (1878)
Key figures
In around 1563, Joseph Nasi secured permission from Sultan Selim II to acquire Tiberias and seven surrounding villages to create a Jewish city-state. He hoped that large numbers of Jewish refugees and Marranos would settle there, free from fear and oppression; indeed, the persecuted Jews of Cori, Italy, numbering about 200 souls, decided to emigrate to Tiberias.Nasi had the walls of the town rebuilt by 1564 and attempted to turn it into a self-sufficient textile manufacturing center by planting mulberry trees for the cultivation of silk. Nevertheless, a number of factors during the following years contributed to the plan's ultimate failure. Nasi's aunt, Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi supported ayeshiva in the town for many years until her death in 1569.
- Ishtori Haparchi (d. 1313)
- Joseph Saragossi (d. 1507)
- Obadiah MiBartenura (d. 1515)
- Levi ibn Habib (d. 1545)
- Jacob Berab (d. 1546)
- Joseph Nasi (d. 1579)
- Moses Galante (d. 1689)
- Moses ibn Habib (d. 1696)
- Yehuda he-Hasid (d. 1700)
- Haim Abulafia (d. 1744)
- Menachem Mendel (d. 1788)
- Haim Farhi (d. 1820)
- Jacob Saphir (d. 1886)
- Haim Aharon Valero (d. 1923)
In 1567, a Yemenite scholar and Rabbi, Zechariah Dhahiri, visited Safed and wrote of his experiences in a book entitled Sefer Ha-Musar. His vivid descriptions of the town Safed and of Rabbi Joseph Karo’s yeshiva are of primary importance to historians, seeing that they are a first-hand account of these places, and the only extant account which describes the yeshiva of the great Sephardic Rabbi, Joseph Karo.[127]
In 1576, the Jewish community of Safed faced an expulsion order: 1,000 prosperous families were to be deported to Cyprus, "for the good of the said island", with another 500 the following year.[128] The order was later rescinded due to the realisation of the financial gains of Jewish rental income.[129] In 1586, the Jews of Istanbul agreed to build a fortified khan to provide a refuge for Safed's Jews against "night bandits and armed thieves."[128]
In 1569, the Radbaz moved to Jerusalem, but soon moved to Safed to escape the high taxes imposed on Jews by the authorities.
In 1610, the Yochanan ben Zakai Synagogue in Jerusalem was completed.[130] It became the main synagogue of the Sephardic Jews, the place where their chief rabbi was invested. The adjacent study hall which had been added by 1625 later became the Synagogue of Elijah the Prophet.[130]
Installation of the Chacham Bashi at the Ben Zakai Synagogue, 1893. According to legend, the synagogue stands on the site of the study hall of 1st-century sage, RabbanYochanan ben Zakai. The current building was constructed in 1610.
The Near East earthquake of 1759 destroys much of Safed killing 2000 people with 190 Jews among the dead, and also destroys Tiberias.
The disciples of the Vilna Gaon settled in the land of Israel almost a decade after the arrival of two of his pupils, R. Hayim of Vilna and R. Israel ben Samuel of Shklov. In all there were three groups of the Gaon's students which emigrated to the land of Israel. They formed the basis of the Ashkenazi communities of Jerusalem and Safed, setting up what was known as the Kollel Perushim. Their arrival encouraged an Ashkenazi revival in Jerusalem, whose Jewish community until this time was mostly Sephardi. Many of the descendants of the disciples became leading figures in modern Israeli society. The Gaon himself also set forth with his pupils to the Land, but for an unknown reason he turned back and returned to Vilna where he died soon after.
During the Peasants' Revolt under Muhammad Ali of Egypt's occupation, Jews were targeted in the 1834 looting of Safed and the 1834 Hebron massacre. By 1844,some sources report that Jews had become the largest population group in Jerusalem and by 1890 an absolute majority in the city.
That is a bunch of Hasbara nonsense, that's why you won't provide a link. I don't link to Electronic Intifada, so please don't use information from Hasbara sites.
In 1913 the Mufti wasn't the Mufti, he was an 16-18 yr old youth of no importance in Ottoman regime. Haj Amin al-Husseini - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
The point is the period covered by the film starts in the middle 1800s, when the Europeans began migrating to Palestine and ends in 1913, before WW1 started. Husseini was irrelevant at the time, he was 16 years old in 1913. Born in 1897.
Does not mean anything as theattacks on the Jews had been going on since Medina. And it is a command in the Koran to "KILL THE UNBELIEVERS" and these are Jews, Christians and Hindu's. Only an islamonazi LIAR would claim that the muslims werew protecting the Jews and Christians
Arab rescue efforts during the Holocaust - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Hundreds of Norwegian Muslims form human shield to protect Jewish Synagogue in Oslo - Europe - World - The Independent
Nigeria 200 young Muslims protect Christians from attack Christian News on Christian Today
Muslims are Commanded by Muhammad to Protect Christians and Their Churches Until the End of Days
Show us the link. And I'll show you the Hasbara edits. Wikipedia is useless for issues like I/P. It is lies, mostly lies when the issues are controversial.
Show us the link. And I'll show you the Hasbara edits. Wikipedia is useless for issues like I/P. It is lies, mostly lies when the issues are controversial.
In 1913 the Mufti wasn't the Mufti, he was an 16-18 yr old youth of no importance in Ottoman regime. Haj Amin al-Husseini - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
You've completely missed the point. The Mufti in contention has zip to do with the events of 1913 covered in the film. Somehow, people fail to understand the film was not about WW2 but 1913.
In 1913 the Mufti wasn't the Mufti, he was an 16-18 yr old youth of no importance in Ottoman regime. Haj Amin al-Husseini - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
The point is the period covered by the film starts in the middle 1800s, when the Europeans began migrating to Palestine and ends in 1913, before WW1 started. Husseini was irrelevant at the time, he was 16 years old in 1913. Born in 1897.
Does not mean anything as theattacks on the Jews had been going on since Medina. And it is a command in the Koran to "KILL THE UNBELIEVERS" and these are Jews, Christians and Hindu's. Only an islamonazi LIAR would claim that the muslims werew protecting the Jews and Christians
Arab rescue efforts during the Holocaust - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Hundreds of Norwegian Muslims form human shield to protect Jewish Synagogue in Oslo - Europe - World - The Independent
Nigeria 200 young Muslims protect Christians from attack Christian News on Christian Today
Muslims are Commanded by Muhammad to Protect Christians and Their Churches Until the End of Days
Show us the link. And I'll show you the Hasbara edits. Wikipedia is useless for issues like I/P. It is lies, mostly lies when the issues are controversial.
In 1913 the Mufti wasn't the Mufti, he was an 16-18 yr old youth of no importance in Ottoman regime. Haj Amin al-Husseini - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
You've completely missed the point. The Mufti in contention has zip to do with the events of 1913 covered in the film. Somehow, people fail to understand the film was not about WW2 but 1913.
The preaching of hate and violence from the minbar and radio is what incited the the arabs. They look for trouble. short fuse.
It was not a message of peace and friendship.
Muslims don't have a pope figure but a mufti is almost like an archbishop. They set the tone and message for the muslims and mosques in the Jerusalem sanjuk, mandate area.
Show us the link. And I'll show you the Hasbara edits. Wikipedia is useless for issues like I/P. It is lies, mostly lies when the issues are controversial.
All the Wikipedia article seems to be saying is that there was a Jewish presence in the Holy Land between 70 A.D. and the 1800's. Any educated Jew would know that. The Shulchan Aruch, the Kabbalah and the Friday night prayer service were produced in "Palestine" during this time, and the cities of Tiberias and Sefad were built.
Show us the link. And I'll show you the Hasbara edits. Wikipedia is useless for issues like I/P. It is lies, mostly lies when the issues are controversial.
All the Wikipedia article seems to be saying is that there was a Jewish presence in the Holy Land between 70 A.D. and the 1800's. Any educated Jew would know that. The Shulchan Aruch, the Kabbalah and the Friday night prayer service were produced in "Palestine" during this time, and the cities of Tiberias and Sefad were built.
The Wikipedia article is absolutely designed to tell a story the supports the Zionist myth.
If you go to pre-Wiki histories the story is different even pro-Jewish sites like the one below which exaggerate the Jewish presence admit that even in the 1880s Jews were no more than 10% of the population. Just because a few Arab Jews (who spoke Arabic and were culturally Arab had continued to live in Palestine does not justify the dispossession of the non-Jews that lived there by the Europeans.
"135 - Judea Renamed Palestine During a final Jewish uprising against the Romans (the Bar Kochva Revolt) Jerusalem was once again, for a short, three-year period, under Jewish control. After the Romans' inevitable, crushing victory many hundreds of thousands of Jews were either deported, sold as slaves or killed. The Roman Emperor Hadrian leveled Jerusalem to the ground, and barred Jews from entering the city.
In an attempt at definitively eliminating the Jewish connection to the land, the Romans renamed Judea to "Palaestina", a word believed to be derived from the "Philistines", a people from Crete, which a thousand years earlier roamed the Mediterranean coast of Judea. Jews still lived in the area, though, and less than 100 years later they were once again allowed access to Jerusalem......
313 - The Byzantine Era The Roman Emperor Constantine decreed that Christianity would henceforth be the official religion of the Roman Empire, and in 331 AD he moved its capital from Rome to Byzantium, which he then renamed Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey). At the end of the century Judea too, now known as Palestine, was a mainly Christian area. Churches and monasteries were being built in the holy places in Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Galilee, and Jews again were denied access to Jerusalem.
637 - Arab Rule In the 630's a new religion, Islam, bagan spreading from the Arabian peninsula, and within only a few years both the Persian and Byzantine empires were defeated. In 638 Jerusalem fell to the Arab caliph Omar and became part of the Muslim empire, which was ruled from the caliphate in the city of Medina (in today's Saudi-Arabia). Omar founded the first mosque at the site in Jerusalem, where the Jewish temple had previously been located.
The following centuries were caracterized by internal strife in the Muslim world. Changing caliphs ruled over most of the Middle East from Damascus (from 661) and Baghdad (from 750). Jews and Christians were tolerated, but subject to special restrictions, which led many to either emigrate or convert to Islam. In 969 Jerusalem was conquered by the Fatimid dynasty, the rivaling caliphate in Cairo, and in 1071 the Arab dominance ended, when the Fatimids were ejected by the Seljuk Turks.
1099 - The CrusadersPope Urban II called for a crusade against the Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians, and in 1099 the first crusaders conquered Jerusalem, while massacring a large number of Jews and Muslims. During the following two centuries the European crusaders fought various Muslim rulers for control of the area. In 1187 Saladin, a Kurdish general who ruled over both Egypt and Syria, succeeded in recapturing Jerusalem for the Muslims.
1291 - The Mamelukes
In 1250 the Mamelukes (originally an army of slaves mainly from Turkey and northern Caucasia) seized power in Egypt from Saladin's Ayyubid dynasty. The Crusaders' last bastion in the Holy Land, the port city of Acre, fell to the Mamelukes in 1291. In the next 200 years, with Palestine being ruled from Damascus, the province ceased to function as a centre for trade from the Far East, and the population, including the few thousand Jewish families that are left, lives in extreme poverty. Several towns lay in ruins, and even Jerusalem was almost deserted. In 1351 Palestine was struck by the plague, and around 1500 the area's population numbered a mere 200.000 souls. The Mamelukes ruled the area from Egypt to Syria until they were defeated by the Ottoman Turks.
1880 - The Jews in Palestine
The Turks had ruled Palestine as part of the Ottoman Empire's Syrian province since conquering the entire Middle East in the early 1500's. During all these years a Jewish presence had continued to exist in the area, mainly in the four holy cities of Safed, Tiberias, Hebron and Jerusalem. The size of the Jewish community had varied, in 1880 numbering around 25.000, comprising about 1/10 of the total population.
The History of Israel - A Chronological Presentation - About
Wikipedia is useless for fact regarding controversial issues.
"Aligning text to the right: Is a political organization editing Wikipedia to suit its interests?
An employee of NGO Monitor was recently banned from editing articles about the Israeli-Arab conflict for bias and not revealing his place of work."
Aligning text to the right Is a political organization editing Wikipedia to suit its interests - Features - Haaretz Daily Newspaper Israel News
I suppose that's a damning statement on the state of the American system of education today.In 1913 the Mufti wasn't the Mufti, he was an 16-18 yr old youth of no importance in Ottoman regime. Haj Amin al-Husseini - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
You've completely missed the point. The Mufti in contention has zip to do with the events of 1913 covered in the film. Somehow, people fail to understand the film was not about WW2 but 1913.
In 1913 the Mufti wasn't the Mufti, he was an 16-18 yr old youth of no importance in Ottoman regime. Haj Amin al-Husseini - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
The point is the period covered by the film starts in the middle 1800s, when the Europeans began migrating to Palestine and ends in 1913, before WW1 started. Husseini was irrelevant at the time, he was 16 years old in 1913. Born in 1897.
Bzzzzz wrong again, liar.
Despite the many invasions and programs, the Jews always maintained a presence and always kept coming back to their religious, spiritual, and cultural holy land.
History of Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
Byzantine period (324–638)
Jews probably constituted the majority of the population of Palestine until the 4th-century, when Constantine converted to Christianity.
Jews lived in at least forty-three Jewish communities in Palestine: twelve towns on the coast, in the Negev, and east of the Jordan, and thirty-one villages in Galilee and in the Jordan valley. The persecuted Jews of Palestine revolted twice against their Christian rulers. In the 5th century, the Western Roman Empire collapsed leading to Christian migration into Palestine and development of a Christian majority. Jews numbered 10–15% of the population. Judaism was the only non-Christian religion tolerated, but there were bans on Jews building new places of worship, holding public office or owning slaves. There were also two Samaritan revolts in this period.[65]
In 438, The Empress Eudocia removed the ban on Jews' praying at the Temple site and the heads of the Community in Galilee issued a call "to the great and mighty people of the Jews": "Know that the end of the exile of our people has come"!
In about 450, the Jerusalem Talmud was completed.
According to Procopius, in 533 Byzantine general Belisarius took the treasures of the Jewish temple from Vandals who had taken them from Rome.
In 611, Sassanid Persia invaded the Byzantine Empire. In 613, a Jewish revolt against the Byzantine Empire joined forces with these Persian invaders to capture Jerusalem in 614. The Jews gained autonomy in Jerusalem, until in 617 when the Persians betrayed agreements and withdrew their forces from the region. With return of the Byzantines in 628, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius promised to restore Jewish rights and received Jewish help in ousting the Persians with the aid of Jewish leader Benjamin of Tiberias.
Middle Ages (636–1517)After the conquest, Jewish communities began to grow and flourish. Umar allowed and encouraged Jews to settle in Jerusalem. It was first time, after almost 500 years of oppressive Christian rule, that Jews were allowed to enter and worship freely in their holy city.
In the mid-8th-century, taking advantage of the warring Islamic factions in Palestine, a false messiah named Abu Isa Obadiah of Isfahan inspired and organised a group of 10,000 armed Jews who hoped to restore the Holy Land to the Jewish nation.
In 1039, part of the synagogue in Ramla was still in ruins, probably resulting from the earthquake of 1033. Jews also returned to Rafah and documents from 1015 and 1080 attest to a significant community there.
A large Jewish community existed in Ramle and smaller communities inhabited Hebron and the coastal cities of Acre, Caesarea, Jaffa, Ashkelon and Gaza.[citation needed]Al-Muqaddasi (985) wrote that "for the most part the assayers of corn, dyers, bankers, and tanners are Jews." Under the Islamic rule, the rights of Jews and Christians were curtailed and residence was permitted upon payment of the special tax.
Between the 7th and 11th centuries, Masoretes (Jewish scribes) in the Galilee and Jerusalem were active in compiling a system of pronunciation and grammatical guides of the Hebrew language. They authorised the division of the Jewish Tanakh, known as the Masoretic Text, which is regarded as authoritative till today.
Ottoman rule (1517–1917)
The 16th-century nevertheless saw a resurgence of Jewish life in Palestine. Palestinian rabbis were instrumental producing a universally accepted manual of Jewish law and some of the most beautiful liturgical poems. Much of this activity occurred at Safed which had become a spiritual centre, a haven for mystics. Joseph Karo's comprehensive guide to Jewish law, the Shulchan Aruch, was considered so authoritative that the variant customs of German-Polish Jewry were merely added as supplement glosses. Some of the most celebrated hymns were written at in Safed by poets such as Israel Najara andSolomon Alkabetz. The town was also a centre of Jewish mysticism, notable kabbalists included Moses Cordovero and the German-born Naphtali Hertz ben Jacob Elhanan. A new method of understanding the kabbalah was developed by Palestinian mystic Isaac Luria, and espoused by his student Chaim Vital. In Safed, the Jews developed a number of branches of trade, especially in grain, spices, textiles and dyeing. In 1577, a Hebrewprinting press was established in Safed. The 8,000 or 10,000 Jews in Safed in 1555 grew to 20,000 or 30,000 by the end of the century.
Old Yishuv
Key events
- Aliya of Nachmanides (1267)
- Hebron and Safed massacres (1517)
- Revival of Tiberias (1563)
- Sack of Tiberias (1660)
- Hebron massacre (1834)
- Safed attack (1838)
- Jerusalem expansion
- Petach Tikva founded (1878)
Key figures
In around 1563, Joseph Nasi secured permission from Sultan Selim II to acquire Tiberias and seven surrounding villages to create a Jewish city-state. He hoped that large numbers of Jewish refugees and Marranos would settle there, free from fear and oppression; indeed, the persecuted Jews of Cori, Italy, numbering about 200 souls, decided to emigrate to Tiberias.Nasi had the walls of the town rebuilt by 1564 and attempted to turn it into a self-sufficient textile manufacturing center by planting mulberry trees for the cultivation of silk. Nevertheless, a number of factors during the following years contributed to the plan's ultimate failure. Nasi's aunt, Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi supported ayeshiva in the town for many years until her death in 1569.
- Ishtori Haparchi (d. 1313)
- Joseph Saragossi (d. 1507)
- Obadiah MiBartenura (d. 1515)
- Levi ibn Habib (d. 1545)
- Jacob Berab (d. 1546)
- Joseph Nasi (d. 1579)
- Moses Galante (d. 1689)
- Moses ibn Habib (d. 1696)
- Yehuda he-Hasid (d. 1700)
- Haim Abulafia (d. 1744)
- Menachem Mendel (d. 1788)
- Haim Farhi (d. 1820)
- Jacob Saphir (d. 1886)
- Haim Aharon Valero (d. 1923)
In 1567, a Yemenite scholar and Rabbi, Zechariah Dhahiri, visited Safed and wrote of his experiences in a book entitled Sefer Ha-Musar. His vivid descriptions of the town Safed and of Rabbi Joseph Karo’s yeshiva are of primary importance to historians, seeing that they are a first-hand account of these places, and the only extant account which describes the yeshiva of the great Sephardic Rabbi, Joseph Karo.[127]
In 1576, the Jewish community of Safed faced an expulsion order: 1,000 prosperous families were to be deported to Cyprus, "for the good of the said island", with another 500 the following year.[128] The order was later rescinded due to the realisation of the financial gains of Jewish rental income.[129] In 1586, the Jews of Istanbul agreed to build a fortified khan to provide a refuge for Safed's Jews against "night bandits and armed thieves."[128]
In 1569, the Radbaz moved to Jerusalem, but soon moved to Safed to escape the high taxes imposed on Jews by the authorities.
In 1610, the Yochanan ben Zakai Synagogue in Jerusalem was completed.[130] It became the main synagogue of the Sephardic Jews, the place where their chief rabbi was invested. The adjacent study hall which had been added by 1625 later became the Synagogue of Elijah the Prophet.[130]
The Near East earthquake of 1759 destroys much of Safed killing 2000 people with 190 Jews among the dead, and also destroys Tiberias.
The disciples of the Vilna Gaon settled in the land of Israel almost a decade after the arrival of two of his pupils, R. Hayim of Vilna and R. Israel ben Samuel of Shklov. In all there were three groups of the Gaon's students which emigrated to the land of Israel. They formed the basis of the Ashkenazi communities of Jerusalem and Safed, setting up what was known as the Kollel Perushim. Their arrival encouraged an Ashkenazi revival in Jerusalem, whose Jewish community until this time was mostly Sephardi. Many of the descendants of the disciples became leading figures in modern Israeli society. The Gaon himself also set forth with his pupils to the Land, but for an unknown reason he turned back and returned to Vilna where he died soon after.
During the Peasants' Revolt under Muhammad Ali of Egypt's occupation, Jews were targeted in the 1834 looting of Safed and the 1834 Hebron massacre. By 1844,some sources report that Jews had become the largest population group in Jerusalem and by 1890 an absolute majority in the city.
Well not really, seems some Israelis disagree with you.
"Following 70 years of intensive excavations in the Land of Israel, archaeologists have found out: The patriarchs' acts are legendary, the Israelites did not sojourn in Egypt or make an exodus, they did not conquer the land. Neither is there any mention of the empire of David and Solomon, nor of the source of belief in the God of Israel. These facts have been known for years, but Israel is a stubborn people and nobody wants to hear about it.
This is what archaeologists have learned from their excavations in the Land of Israel: the Israelites were never in Egypt, did not wander in the desert, did not conquer the land in a military campaign and did not pass it on to the 12 tribes of Israel. Perhaps even harder to swallow is the fact that the united monarchy of David and Solomon, which is described by the Bible as a regional power, was at most a small tribal kingdom.
And it will come as an unpleasant shock to many that the God of Israel, Jehovah, had a female consort and that the early Israelite religion adopted monotheism only in the waning period of the monarchy and not at Mount Sinai. Most of those who are engaged in scientific work in the interlocking spheres of the Bible, archaeology and the history of the Jewish people - and who once went into the field looking for proof to corroborate the Bible story - now agree that the historic events relating to the stages of the Jewish people's emergence are radically different from what that story tells."---Zeev Herzog, professor of archaeology at The Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures at Tel Aviv University. Deconstructing the walls of Jericho
Posting bullshit from a "bible myth" garbage website won't cut it. Try again, Achmed.
Mufti is a position, not a person. That Husseini was young is utterly irrelevant.
The point is the period covered by the film starts in the middle 1800s, when the Europeans began migrating to Palestine and ends in 1913, before WW1 started. Husseini was irrelevant at the time, he was 16 years old in 1913. Born in 1897.
Bzzzzz wrong again, liar.
Despite the many invasions and programs, the Jews always maintained a presence and always kept coming back to their religious, spiritual, and cultural holy land.
History of Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
Byzantine period (324–638)
Jews probably constituted the majority of the population of Palestine until the 4th-century, when Constantine converted to Christianity.
Jews lived in at least forty-three Jewish communities in Palestine: twelve towns on the coast, in the Negev, and east of the Jordan, and thirty-one villages in Galilee and in the Jordan valley. The persecuted Jews of Palestine revolted twice against their Christian rulers. In the 5th century, the Western Roman Empire collapsed leading to Christian migration into Palestine and development of a Christian majority. Jews numbered 10–15% of the population. Judaism was the only non-Christian religion tolerated, but there were bans on Jews building new places of worship, holding public office or owning slaves. There were also two Samaritan revolts in this period.[65]
In 438, The Empress Eudocia removed the ban on Jews' praying at the Temple site and the heads of the Community in Galilee issued a call "to the great and mighty people of the Jews": "Know that the end of the exile of our people has come"!
In about 450, the Jerusalem Talmud was completed.
According to Procopius, in 533 Byzantine general Belisarius took the treasures of the Jewish temple from Vandals who had taken them from Rome.
In 611, Sassanid Persia invaded the Byzantine Empire. In 613, a Jewish revolt against the Byzantine Empire joined forces with these Persian invaders to capture Jerusalem in 614. The Jews gained autonomy in Jerusalem, until in 617 when the Persians betrayed agreements and withdrew their forces from the region. With return of the Byzantines in 628, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius promised to restore Jewish rights and received Jewish help in ousting the Persians with the aid of Jewish leader Benjamin of Tiberias.
Middle Ages (636–1517)After the conquest, Jewish communities began to grow and flourish. Umar allowed and encouraged Jews to settle in Jerusalem. It was first time, after almost 500 years of oppressive Christian rule, that Jews were allowed to enter and worship freely in their holy city.
In the mid-8th-century, taking advantage of the warring Islamic factions in Palestine, a false messiah named Abu Isa Obadiah of Isfahan inspired and organised a group of 10,000 armed Jews who hoped to restore the Holy Land to the Jewish nation.
In 1039, part of the synagogue in Ramla was still in ruins, probably resulting from the earthquake of 1033. Jews also returned to Rafah and documents from 1015 and 1080 attest to a significant community there.
A large Jewish community existed in Ramle and smaller communities inhabited Hebron and the coastal cities of Acre, Caesarea, Jaffa, Ashkelon and Gaza.[citation needed]Al-Muqaddasi (985) wrote that "for the most part the assayers of corn, dyers, bankers, and tanners are Jews." Under the Islamic rule, the rights of Jews and Christians were curtailed and residence was permitted upon payment of the special tax.
Between the 7th and 11th centuries, Masoretes (Jewish scribes) in the Galilee and Jerusalem were active in compiling a system of pronunciation and grammatical guides of the Hebrew language. They authorised the division of the Jewish Tanakh, known as the Masoretic Text, which is regarded as authoritative till today.
Ottoman rule (1517–1917)
The 16th-century nevertheless saw a resurgence of Jewish life in Palestine. Palestinian rabbis were instrumental producing a universally accepted manual of Jewish law and some of the most beautiful liturgical poems. Much of this activity occurred at Safed which had become a spiritual centre, a haven for mystics. Joseph Karo's comprehensive guide to Jewish law, the Shulchan Aruch, was considered so authoritative that the variant customs of German-Polish Jewry were merely added as supplement glosses. Some of the most celebrated hymns were written at in Safed by poets such as Israel Najara andSolomon Alkabetz. The town was also a centre of Jewish mysticism, notable kabbalists included Moses Cordovero and the German-born Naphtali Hertz ben Jacob Elhanan. A new method of understanding the kabbalah was developed by Palestinian mystic Isaac Luria, and espoused by his student Chaim Vital. In Safed, the Jews developed a number of branches of trade, especially in grain, spices, textiles and dyeing. In 1577, a Hebrewprinting press was established in Safed. The 8,000 or 10,000 Jews in Safed in 1555 grew to 20,000 or 30,000 by the end of the century.
Old Yishuv
Key events
- Aliya of Nachmanides (1267)
- Hebron and Safed massacres (1517)
- Revival of Tiberias (1563)
- Sack of Tiberias (1660)
- Hebron massacre (1834)
- Safed attack (1838)
- Jerusalem expansion
- Petach Tikva founded (1878)
Key figures
In around 1563, Joseph Nasi secured permission from Sultan Selim II to acquire Tiberias and seven surrounding villages to create a Jewish city-state. He hoped that large numbers of Jewish refugees and Marranos would settle there, free from fear and oppression; indeed, the persecuted Jews of Cori, Italy, numbering about 200 souls, decided to emigrate to Tiberias.Nasi had the walls of the town rebuilt by 1564 and attempted to turn it into a self-sufficient textile manufacturing center by planting mulberry trees for the cultivation of silk. Nevertheless, a number of factors during the following years contributed to the plan's ultimate failure. Nasi's aunt, Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi supported ayeshiva in the town for many years until her death in 1569.
- Ishtori Haparchi (d. 1313)
- Joseph Saragossi (d. 1507)
- Obadiah MiBartenura (d. 1515)
- Levi ibn Habib (d. 1545)
- Jacob Berab (d. 1546)
- Joseph Nasi (d. 1579)
- Moses Galante (d. 1689)
- Moses ibn Habib (d. 1696)
- Yehuda he-Hasid (d. 1700)
- Haim Abulafia (d. 1744)
- Menachem Mendel (d. 1788)
- Haim Farhi (d. 1820)
- Jacob Saphir (d. 1886)
- Haim Aharon Valero (d. 1923)
In 1567, a Yemenite scholar and Rabbi, Zechariah Dhahiri, visited Safed and wrote of his experiences in a book entitled Sefer Ha-Musar. His vivid descriptions of the town Safed and of Rabbi Joseph Karo’s yeshiva are of primary importance to historians, seeing that they are a first-hand account of these places, and the only extant account which describes the yeshiva of the great Sephardic Rabbi, Joseph Karo.[127]
In 1576, the Jewish community of Safed faced an expulsion order: 1,000 prosperous families were to be deported to Cyprus, "for the good of the said island", with another 500 the following year.[128] The order was later rescinded due to the realisation of the financial gains of Jewish rental income.[129] In 1586, the Jews of Istanbul agreed to build a fortified khan to provide a refuge for Safed's Jews against "night bandits and armed thieves."[128]
In 1569, the Radbaz moved to Jerusalem, but soon moved to Safed to escape the high taxes imposed on Jews by the authorities.
In 1610, the Yochanan ben Zakai Synagogue in Jerusalem was completed.[130] It became the main synagogue of the Sephardic Jews, the place where their chief rabbi was invested. The adjacent study hall which had been added by 1625 later became the Synagogue of Elijah the Prophet.[130]
The Near East earthquake of 1759 destroys much of Safed killing 2000 people with 190 Jews among the dead, and also destroys Tiberias.
The disciples of the Vilna Gaon settled in the land of Israel almost a decade after the arrival of two of his pupils, R. Hayim of Vilna and R. Israel ben Samuel of Shklov. In all there were three groups of the Gaon's students which emigrated to the land of Israel. They formed the basis of the Ashkenazi communities of Jerusalem and Safed, setting up what was known as the Kollel Perushim. Their arrival encouraged an Ashkenazi revival in Jerusalem, whose Jewish community until this time was mostly Sephardi. Many of the descendants of the disciples became leading figures in modern Israeli society. The Gaon himself also set forth with his pupils to the Land, but for an unknown reason he turned back and returned to Vilna where he died soon after.
During the Peasants' Revolt under Muhammad Ali of Egypt's occupation, Jews were targeted in the 1834 looting of Safed and the 1834 Hebron massacre. By 1844,some sources report that Jews had become the largest population group in Jerusalem and by 1890 an absolute majority in the city.
Well not really, seems some Israelis disagree with you.
"Following 70 years of intensive excavations in the Land of Israel, archaeologists have found out: The patriarchs' acts are legendary, the Israelites did not sojourn in Egypt or make an exodus, they did not conquer the land. Neither is there any mention of the empire of David and Solomon, nor of the source of belief in the God of Israel. These facts have been known for years, but Israel is a stubborn people and nobody wants to hear about it.
This is what archaeologists have learned from their excavations in the Land of Israel: the Israelites were never in Egypt, did not wander in the desert, did not conquer the land in a military campaign and did not pass it on to the 12 tribes of Israel. Perhaps even harder to swallow is the fact that the united monarchy of David and Solomon, which is described by the Bible as a regional power, was at most a small tribal kingdom.
And it will come as an unpleasant shock to many that the God of Israel, Jehovah, had a female consort and that the early Israelite religion adopted monotheism only in the waning period of the monarchy and not at Mount Sinai. Most of those who are engaged in scientific work in the interlocking spheres of the Bible, archaeology and the history of the Jewish people - and who once went into the field looking for proof to corroborate the Bible story - now agree that the historic events relating to the stages of the Jewish people's emergence are radically different from what that story tells."---Zeev Herzog, professor of archaeology at The Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures at Tel Aviv University. Deconstructing the walls of Jericho
Posting bullshit from a "bible myth" garbage website won't cut it. Try again, Achmed.
The website is irrelevant, the original article preserved by the website was written by Zeev Herzog, professor of archaeology at The Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures at Tel Aviv University.
Show us the link. And I'll show you the Hasbara edits. Wikipedia is useless for issues like I/P. It is lies, mostly lies when the issues are controversial.
All the Wikipedia article seems to be saying is that there was a Jewish presence in the Holy Land between 70 A.D. and the 1800's. Any educated Jew would know that. The Shulchan Aruch, the Kabbalah and the Friday night prayer service were produced in "Palestine" during this time, and the cities of Tiberias and Sefad were built.
The Wikipedia article is absolutely designed to tell a story the supports the Zionist myth.
If you go to pre-Wiki histories the story is different even pro-Jewish sites like the one below which exaggerate the Jewish presence admit that even in the 1880s Jews were no more than 10% of the population. Just because a few Arab Jews (who spoke Arabic and were culturally Arab had continued to live in Palestine does not justify the dispossession of the non-Jews that lived there by the Europeans.
"135 - Judea Renamed Palestine During a final Jewish uprising against the Romans (the Bar Kochva Revolt) Jerusalem was once again, for a short, three-year period, under Jewish control. After the Romans' inevitable, crushing victory many hundreds of thousands of Jews were either deported, sold as slaves or killed. The Roman Emperor Hadrian leveled Jerusalem to the ground, and barred Jews from entering the city.
In an attempt at definitively eliminating the Jewish connection to the land, the Romans renamed Judea to "Palaestina", a word believed to be derived from the "Philistines", a people from Crete, which a thousand years earlier roamed the Mediterranean coast of Judea. Jews still lived in the area, though, and less than 100 years later they were once again allowed access to Jerusalem......
313 - The Byzantine Era The Roman Emperor Constantine decreed that Christianity would henceforth be the official religion of the Roman Empire, and in 331 AD he moved its capital from Rome to Byzantium, which he then renamed Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey). At the end of the century Judea too, now known as Palestine, was a mainly Christian area. Churches and monasteries were being built in the holy places in Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Galilee, and Jews again were denied access to Jerusalem.
637 - Arab Rule In the 630's a new religion, Islam, bagan spreading from the Arabian peninsula, and within only a few years both the Persian and Byzantine empires were defeated. In 638 Jerusalem fell to the Arab caliph Omar and became part of the Muslim empire, which was ruled from the caliphate in the city of Medina (in today's Saudi-Arabia). Omar founded the first mosque at the site in Jerusalem, where the Jewish temple had previously been located.
The following centuries were caracterized by internal strife in the Muslim world. Changing caliphs ruled over most of the Middle East from Damascus (from 661) and Baghdad (from 750). Jews and Christians were tolerated, but subject to special restrictions, which led many to either emigrate or convert to Islam. In 969 Jerusalem was conquered by the Fatimid dynasty, the rivaling caliphate in Cairo, and in 1071 the Arab dominance ended, when the Fatimids were ejected by the Seljuk Turks.
1099 - The CrusadersPope Urban II called for a crusade against the Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians, and in 1099 the first crusaders conquered Jerusalem, while massacring a large number of Jews and Muslims. During the following two centuries the European crusaders fought various Muslim rulers for control of the area. In 1187 Saladin, a Kurdish general who ruled over both Egypt and Syria, succeeded in recapturing Jerusalem for the Muslims.
1291 - The Mamelukes
In 1250 the Mamelukes (originally an army of slaves mainly from Turkey and northern Caucasia) seized power in Egypt from Saladin's Ayyubid dynasty. The Crusaders' last bastion in the Holy Land, the port city of Acre, fell to the Mamelukes in 1291. In the next 200 years, with Palestine being ruled from Damascus, the province ceased to function as a centre for trade from the Far East, and the population, including the few thousand Jewish families that are left, lives in extreme poverty. Several towns lay in ruins, and even Jerusalem was almost deserted. In 1351 Palestine was struck by the plague, and around 1500 the area's population numbered a mere 200.000 souls. The Mamelukes ruled the area from Egypt to Syria until they were defeated by the Ottoman Turks.
1880 - The Jews in Palestine
The Turks had ruled Palestine as part of the Ottoman Empire's Syrian province since conquering the entire Middle East in the early 1500's. During all these years a Jewish presence had continued to exist in the area, mainly in the four holy cities of Safed, Tiberias, Hebron and Jerusalem. The size of the Jewish community had varied, in 1880 numbering around 25.000, comprising about 1/10 of the total population.
The History of Israel - A Chronological Presentation - About
Wikipedia is useless for fact regarding controversial issues.
"Aligning text to the right: Is a political organization editing Wikipedia to suit its interests?
An employee of NGO Monitor was recently banned from editing articles about the Israeli-Arab conflict for bias and not revealing his place of work."
Aligning text to the right Is a political organization editing Wikipedia to suit its interests - Features - Haaretz Daily Newspaper Israel News
There you go lying again. What you posted did not disprove the historical fact that the Jews had been migrating back and forth for over 2000 years and this culminated during the Ottoman Empire starting in the 1500's as Jews were escaping the crusades and inquisition. These historical facts are indictable and corroborated by other sources, however you continue to make baseless allegations and making absolute bullshit claims because you are committed to your Palestinian Nazi myth and Jew hatred.
Show us the link. And I'll show you the Hasbara edits. Wikipedia is useless for issues like I/P. It is lies, mostly lies when the issues are controversial.
All the Wikipedia article seems to be saying is that there was a Jewish presence in the Holy Land between 70 A.D. and the 1800's. Any educated Jew would know that. The Shulchan Aruch, the Kabbalah and the Friday night prayer service were produced in "Palestine" during this time, and the cities of Tiberias and Sefad were built.
The Wikipedia article is absolutely designed to tell a story the supports the Zionist myth.
If you go to pre-Wiki histories the story is different even pro-Jewish sites like the one below which exaggerate the Jewish presence admit that even in the 1880s Jews were no more than 10% of the population. Just because a few Arab Jews (who spoke Arabic and were culturally Arab had continued to live in Palestine does not justify the dispossession of the non-Jews that lived there by the Europeans.
"135 - Judea Renamed Palestine During a final Jewish uprising against the Romans (the Bar Kochva Revolt) Jerusalem was once again, for a short, three-year period, under Jewish control. After the Romans' inevitable, crushing victory many hundreds of thousands of Jews were either deported, sold as slaves or killed. The Roman Emperor Hadrian leveled Jerusalem to the ground, and barred Jews from entering the city.
In an attempt at definitively eliminating the Jewish connection to the land, the Romans renamed Judea to "Palaestina", a word believed to be derived from the "Philistines", a people from Crete, which a thousand years earlier roamed the Mediterranean coast of Judea. Jews still lived in the area, though, and less than 100 years later they were once again allowed access to Jerusalem......
313 - The Byzantine Era The Roman Emperor Constantine decreed that Christianity would henceforth be the official religion of the Roman Empire, and in 331 AD he moved its capital from Rome to Byzantium, which he then renamed Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey). At the end of the century Judea too, now known as Palestine, was a mainly Christian area. Churches and monasteries were being built in the holy places in Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Galilee, and Jews again were denied access to Jerusalem.
637 - Arab Rule In the 630's a new religion, Islam, bagan spreading from the Arabian peninsula, and within only a few years both the Persian and Byzantine empires were defeated. In 638 Jerusalem fell to the Arab caliph Omar and became part of the Muslim empire, which was ruled from the caliphate in the city of Medina (in today's Saudi-Arabia). Omar founded the first mosque at the site in Jerusalem, where the Jewish temple had previously been located.
The following centuries were caracterized by internal strife in the Muslim world. Changing caliphs ruled over most of the Middle East from Damascus (from 661) and Baghdad (from 750). Jews and Christians were tolerated, but subject to special restrictions, which led many to either emigrate or convert to Islam. In 969 Jerusalem was conquered by the Fatimid dynasty, the rivaling caliphate in Cairo, and in 1071 the Arab dominance ended, when the Fatimids were ejected by the Seljuk Turks.
1099 - The CrusadersPope Urban II called for a crusade against the Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians, and in 1099 the first crusaders conquered Jerusalem, while massacring a large number of Jews and Muslims. During the following two centuries the European crusaders fought various Muslim rulers for control of the area. In 1187 Saladin, a Kurdish general who ruled over both Egypt and Syria, succeeded in recapturing Jerusalem for the Muslims.
1291 - The Mamelukes
In 1250 the Mamelukes (originally an army of slaves mainly from Turkey and northern Caucasia) seized power in Egypt from Saladin's Ayyubid dynasty. The Crusaders' last bastion in the Holy Land, the port city of Acre, fell to the Mamelukes in 1291. In the next 200 years, with Palestine being ruled from Damascus, the province ceased to function as a centre for trade from the Far East, and the population, including the few thousand Jewish families that are left, lives in extreme poverty. Several towns lay in ruins, and even Jerusalem was almost deserted. In 1351 Palestine was struck by the plague, and around 1500 the area's population numbered a mere 200.000 souls. The Mamelukes ruled the area from Egypt to Syria until they were defeated by the Ottoman Turks.
1880 - The Jews in Palestine
The Turks had ruled Palestine as part of the Ottoman Empire's Syrian province since conquering the entire Middle East in the early 1500's. During all these years a Jewish presence had continued to exist in the area, mainly in the four holy cities of Safed, Tiberias, Hebron and Jerusalem. The size of the Jewish community had varied, in 1880 numbering around 25.000, comprising about 1/10 of the total population.
The History of Israel - A Chronological Presentation - About
Wikipedia is useless for fact regarding controversial issues.
"Aligning text to the right: Is a political organization editing Wikipedia to suit its interests?
An employee of NGO Monitor was recently banned from editing articles about the Israeli-Arab conflict for bias and not revealing his place of work."
Aligning text to the right Is a political organization editing Wikipedia to suit its interests - Features - Haaretz Daily Newspaper Israel News
There you go lying again. What you posted did not disprove the historical fact that the Jews had been migrating back and forth for over 2000 years and this culminated during the Ottoman Empire starting in the 1500's as Jews were escaping the crusades and inquisition. These historical facts are indictable and corroborated by other sources, however you continue to make baseless allegations and making absolute bullshit claims because you are committed to your Palestinian Nazi myth and Jew hatred.
It doesn't matter that a few Jews were traveling back and forth to Palestine over the years. Until the European colonization facilitated by the British, they were a small number of Arab Jews that had no intention of of displacing the Christians and Muslims. The fact that Christians and Muslims were the vast majority of the population is no myth. It's fact.
What you are posting is Zionist lies. I do agree that what you claim are fact are "indictable facts" in the sense they should be arrested. LOL
There is no "Jew hate" associated with stating the facts.
Actually for seven hundred years there was no such thing as "Palestine" to the Ottomans. They called it Southern Syria and their maps confirm this.
Show us the link. And I'll show you the Hasbara edits. Wikipedia is useless for issues like I/P. It is lies, mostly lies when the issues are controversial.
All the Wikipedia article seems to be saying is that there was a Jewish presence in the Holy Land between 70 A.D. and the 1800's. Any educated Jew would know that. The Shulchan Aruch, the Kabbalah and the Friday night prayer service were produced in "Palestine" during this time, and the cities of Tiberias and Sefad were built.
The Wikipedia article is absolutely designed to tell a story the supports the Zionist myth.
If you go to pre-Wiki histories the story is different even pro-Jewish sites like the one below which exaggerate the Jewish presence admit that even in the 1880s Jews were no more than 10% of the population. Just because a few Arab Jews (who spoke Arabic and were culturally Arab had continued to live in Palestine does not justify the dispossession of the non-Jews that lived there by the Europeans.
"135 - Judea Renamed Palestine During a final Jewish uprising against the Romans (the Bar Kochva Revolt) Jerusalem was once again, for a short, three-year period, under Jewish control. After the Romans' inevitable, crushing victory many hundreds of thousands of Jews were either deported, sold as slaves or killed. The Roman Emperor Hadrian leveled Jerusalem to the ground, and barred Jews from entering the city.
In an attempt at definitively eliminating the Jewish connection to the land, the Romans renamed Judea to "Palaestina", a word believed to be derived from the "Philistines", a people from Crete, which a thousand years earlier roamed the Mediterranean coast of Judea. Jews still lived in the area, though, and less than 100 years later they were once again allowed access to Jerusalem......
313 - The Byzantine Era The Roman Emperor Constantine decreed that Christianity would henceforth be the official religion of the Roman Empire, and in 331 AD he moved its capital from Rome to Byzantium, which he then renamed Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey). At the end of the century Judea too, now known as Palestine, was a mainly Christian area. Churches and monasteries were being built in the holy places in Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Galilee, and Jews again were denied access to Jerusalem.
637 - Arab Rule In the 630's a new religion, Islam, bagan spreading from the Arabian peninsula, and within only a few years both the Persian and Byzantine empires were defeated. In 638 Jerusalem fell to the Arab caliph Omar and became part of the Muslim empire, which was ruled from the caliphate in the city of Medina (in today's Saudi-Arabia). Omar founded the first mosque at the site in Jerusalem, where the Jewish temple had previously been located.
The following centuries were caracterized by internal strife in the Muslim world. Changing caliphs ruled over most of the Middle East from Damascus (from 661) and Baghdad (from 750). Jews and Christians were tolerated, but subject to special restrictions, which led many to either emigrate or convert to Islam. In 969 Jerusalem was conquered by the Fatimid dynasty, the rivaling caliphate in Cairo, and in 1071 the Arab dominance ended, when the Fatimids were ejected by the Seljuk Turks.
1099 - The CrusadersPope Urban II called for a crusade against the Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians, and in 1099 the first crusaders conquered Jerusalem, while massacring a large number of Jews and Muslims. During the following two centuries the European crusaders fought various Muslim rulers for control of the area. In 1187 Saladin, a Kurdish general who ruled over both Egypt and Syria, succeeded in recapturing Jerusalem for the Muslims.
1291 - The Mamelukes
In 1250 the Mamelukes (originally an army of slaves mainly from Turkey and northern Caucasia) seized power in Egypt from Saladin's Ayyubid dynasty. The Crusaders' last bastion in the Holy Land, the port city of Acre, fell to the Mamelukes in 1291. In the next 200 years, with Palestine being ruled from Damascus, the province ceased to function as a centre for trade from the Far East, and the population, including the few thousand Jewish families that are left, lives in extreme poverty. Several towns lay in ruins, and even Jerusalem was almost deserted. In 1351 Palestine was struck by the plague, and around 1500 the area's population numbered a mere 200.000 souls. The Mamelukes ruled the area from Egypt to Syria until they were defeated by the Ottoman Turks.
1880 - The Jews in Palestine
The Turks had ruled Palestine as part of the Ottoman Empire's Syrian province since conquering the entire Middle East in the early 1500's. During all these years a Jewish presence had continued to exist in the area, mainly in the four holy cities of Safed, Tiberias, Hebron and Jerusalem. The size of the Jewish community had varied, in 1880 numbering around 25.000, comprising about 1/10 of the total population.
The History of Israel - A Chronological Presentation - About
Wikipedia is useless for fact regarding controversial issues.
"Aligning text to the right: Is a political organization editing Wikipedia to suit its interests?
An employee of NGO Monitor was recently banned from editing articles about the Israeli-Arab conflict for bias and not revealing his place of work."
Aligning text to the right Is a political organization editing Wikipedia to suit its interests - Features - Haaretz Daily Newspaper Israel News
There you go lying again. What you posted did not disprove the historical fact that the Jews had been migrating back and forth for over 2000 years and this culminated during the Ottoman Empire starting in the 1500's as Jews were escaping the crusades and inquisition. These historical facts are indictable and corroborated by other sources, however you continue to make baseless allegations and making absolute bullshit claims because you are committed to your Palestinian Nazi myth and Jew hatred.
It doesn't matter that a few Jews were traveling back and forth to Palestine over the years. Until the European colonization facilitated by the British, they were a small number of Arab Jews that had no intention of of displacing the Christians and Muslims. The fact that Christians and Muslims were the vast majority of the population is no myth. It's fact.
What you are posting is Zionist lies. I do agree that what you claim are fact are "indictable facts" in the sense they should be arrested. LOL
There is no "Jew hate" associated with stating the facts.
Look at this pathetic antisemtic asshole minimizing the Jewish presence. Jews defended Hebron during the crusades, and that's over 500 years ago. Jews were a majority in Jerusalem in the 1800's, and had been migrating into the holy land in large numbers during the Ottoman Empire.
And get off the internet you fucking Jew hating troll. 16 hours already today. Sheeeesh. The guy has no life.
