Appreciation depends on location. Not all regions have high rates. We're in a real estate bubble now and appreciation is unusually high. 3-5 percent is normal. Rates now are 8 percent in some areas.
Depreciation allowance for rental properties is "recaptured' and taxed when the property is sold, because the property doesn't really 'depreciate'.
Property taxes, insurance, and upkeep bite into home values. The cost of a new roof will erase years of appreciation gains and will add little to the value of the house (unless it's a fire-proof roof) Remodeling, repairs, replacements are expensive as well and add little to value as well.
That said real estate is great way to build wealth, especially rental property, and that's what I did. But there are better ways.
You're doing something wrong ... land is never depreciable ... but buildings held for the production of income are ...
Residential rental property is depreciated using the straight-line method, mid-month convention for a 27.5 year class life ...
c.f. IRS Form 4562, line 19h, columns (d)-(f) ... there's no recapture for property depreciated using the straight-line method ...
You're flat wrong about installing a new roof ... I spend $30,000 for a roof, then my property is worth $30,000 more ... and that's added to the property's basis ... if it's rental property, I can deduct that expense, just not all of that money all in one year ... the roof will last 27.5 years, so I have to divide up the expense into 27.5-year chunks and deduct that amount every year ... or $1,090.91 per year ...
Again, we can't use any accelerated depreciation methods, so we never have to recapture any accelerated depreciation ... the adjusted basis is your capital, if we sell for anything above that then we pay capital gains taxes on the gain over the adjusted basis ... simple ...
You're doing something wrong if you're not recapitalizing on your improvements ... if your local market will sustain a 10-year recap rate, then you'd add $250 per month to the rent ...
($30k roofs a BIG house mind you) ... the extra $3,000 per year in revenue is offset some by the $1,090 tax deduction ... you should still be $1,910 ahead before income taxes ... 3 to 1 is about right for margins ...
The number 1 problem with real estate as an investment is it's ...
by definition ... il-liquid ... we can't just off the property and use the money in a better investment, we're stuck with property that might take
years to sell ... it's a shame to get offered Apple stock at $2 a share but have all your money tied up in an apartment building ... five years later when you sell is too late ...