.....Social control theorists believe that everyone in the world has the ability to break the law and choosing to do so is based on the many opportunities that are available in society. They see behavior as being either administered or constrained by an individual’s affiliation with peers and institutions (Walsh & Hemmens, 2008). Participation in gangs would be explained by social theorists as a phenomenon that takes place as a result of people not being tied to or associated with the right peers or organizations. The way a person is raised and the opportunities afforded to them are negative influences in their lives and participating in gangs is all that they know.
A branch theory of the social control sub-theory is the social bond theory. Social bond theory suggests that people become criminals when they do not have proper connections to institutions and the individual processes of conventional civilization. The elements of social bond theory include attachment to family, friend, or the community, commitment to an individual’s future, career, success, or personal goals, involvement with activities, organizations, religious groups and social clubs, and personal beliefs such as honesty, morality, and patriotism (Siegel, 2010). This can explain a person’s tendency for violence within a gang because they have nothing to lose by their antisocial behavior.
The last sub-theory of social process theory is the social reaction theory, commonly referred to as labeling theory. According to the social reaction theory, some people are given classified in a negative way by people of authority. They begin to feel that the label they have been given is correct and further themselves into deviant behaviors. A person initially gets labeled and then strives to live up to the label in a continuing cycle. First the person commits a single criminal act, then they are caught, someone (the courts, a parent, etc.) gives them a deviant label, and they now have a new identity that society knows them by. They begin to believe that society is correct, and at last they try to live up to the label that they know identifies them. This can explain gang involvement because an otherwise ordinary person has been stigmatized by a destructive label. All social “interaction and encounters” (Siegel, 2010) are now negative and in order to feel that a person has a place in society they join a gang and live up to the label they have been given......